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171.
Fernando Agüero Irene R. Dégano Isaac Subirana Maria Grau Alberto Zamora Joan Sala Rafel Ramos Ricard Treserras Jaume Marrugat Roberto Elosua 《PloS one》2013,8(1)
Background and Objective
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death, and smoking its strongest modifiable risk factor. Our aim was to determine the impact of the Spanish 2006 partial smoke-free legislation on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) incidence, hospitalization and mortality rates, and 28-day case-fatality in Girona, Spain.Methods
Using a population-based registry (the REGICOR Study), we compared population incidence, hospitalization, and mortality rates, and 28-day case-fatality in the pre- and post-ban periods (2002–2005 and 2006–2008, respectively) by binomial regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors. We also analyzed the ban''s impact on the outcomes of interest using the AMI definitions of the American Heart Association (AHA)/European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the World Health Organization (WHO)-Monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular diseases (MONICA).Results
In the post-ban period, AMI incidence and mortality rates significantly decreased (relative risk [RR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81–0.97 and RR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.71–0.94, respectively). Incidence and mortality rates decreased in both sexes, especially in women, and in people aged 65–74 years. Former and non-smokers (passive smokers) showed diminished incidence rates. Implementation of the ban was not associated with AMI case-fatality. Models tended to be more significant with the WHO-MONICA than with the AHA/ESC definition.Conclusions
The 2006 Spanish partial smoke-free legislation was associated with a decrease in population AMI incidence and mortality, particularly in women, in people aged 65–74 years, and in passive smokers. These results clarify the association between AMI mortality and the enactment of a partial smoke-free legislation and reinforce the effectiveness of smoking regulations in preventing CHD. 相似文献172.
Julià L. Amengual Nuria Rojo Misericordia Veciana de las Heras Josep Marco-Pallarés Jennifer Grau-Sánchez Sabine Schneider Lucía Vaquero Montserrat Juncadella Jordi Montero Bahram Mohammadi Francisco Rubio Nohora Rueda Esther Duarte Carles Grau Eckart Altenmüller Thomas F. Münte Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
Background
Several recently developed therapies targeting motor disabilities in stroke sufferers have shown to be more effective than standard neurorehabilitation approaches. In this context, several basic studies demonstrated that music training produces rapid neuroplastic changes in motor-related brain areas. Music-supported therapy has been recently developed as a new motor rehabilitation intervention.Methods and Results
In order to explore the plasticity effects of music-supported therapy, this therapeutic intervention was applied to twenty chronic stroke patients. Before and after the music-supported therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied for the assessment of excitability changes in the motor cortex and a 3D movement analyzer was used for the assessment of motor performance parameters such as velocity, acceleration and smoothness in a set of diadochokinetic movement tasks. Our results suggest that the music-supported therapy produces changes in cortical plasticity leading the improvement of the subjects'' motor performance.Conclusion
Our findings represent the first evidence of the neurophysiological changes induced by this therapy in chronic stroke patients, and their link with the amelioration of motor performance. Further studies are needed to confirm our observations. 相似文献173.
Concepción Casado Maria Pernas Virginia Sandonis Tamara Alvaro-Cifuentes Isabel Olivares Rosa Fuentes Lorena Martínez-Prats Eulalia Grau Lidia Ruiz Rafael Delgado Carmen Rodríguez Jorge del Romero Cecilio López-Galíndez 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Long term non-progressor patients (LTNPs) are characterized by the natural control of HIV-1 infection. This control is related to host genetic, immunological and virological factors. In this work, phylogenetic analysis of the proviral nucleotide sequences in env gene from a Spanish HIV-1 LTNPs cohort identified a cluster of 6 HIV-1 controllers infected with closely-related viruses. The patients of the cluster showed common clinical and epidemiological features: drug user practices, infection in the same city (Madrid, Spain) and at the same time (late 70’s-early 80’s). All cluster patients displayed distinct host alleles associated with HIV control. Analysis of the virus envelope nucleotide sequences showed ancestral characteristic, lack of evolution and presence of rare amino-acids. Biological characterization of recombinant viruses with the envelope proteins from the cluster viruses showed very low replicative capacity in TZMbl and U87-CD4/CCR5 cells. The lack of clinical progression in the viral cluster patients with distinct combinations of protective host genotypes, but infected by low replicating viruses, indicate the important role of the virus in the non-progressor phenotype in these patients. 相似文献
174.
Loke Tim Khaw Helen J. Ball Jacob Golenser Valery Combes Georges E. Grau Julie Wheway Andrew J. Mitchell Nicholas H. Hunt 《PloS one》2013,8(7)
We have established a novel in vitro co-culture system of human brain endothelial cells (HBEC), Plasmodium falciparum parasitised red blood cells (iRBC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), in order to simulate the chief pathophysiological lesion in cerebral malaria (CM). This approach has revealed a previously unsuspected pro-inflammatory role of the endothelial cell through potentiating the production of interferon (IFN)-γ by PBMC and concurrent reduction of interleukin (IL)-10. The IFN-γ increased the expression of CXCL10 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, both of which have been shown to be crucial in the pathogenesis of CM. There was a shift in the ratio of IL-10:IFN-γ protein from >1 to <1 in the presence of HBEC, associated with the pro-inflammatory process in this model. For this to occur, a direct contact between PBMC and HBEC, but not PBMC and iRBC, was necessary. These results support HBEC playing an active role in the pathogenesis of CM. Thus, if these findings reflect the pathogenesis of CM, inhibition of HBEC and PBMC interactions might reduce the occurrence, or improve the prognosis, of the condition. 相似文献
175.
176.
Delia Fernández-González F. Javier Rodriguez Rajo Zulima González Parrado Rosa M. Valencia Barrera Victoria Jato Stella Moreno Grau 《Aerobiologia》2011,27(4):301-309
The allergens of different grass species share similar physicochemical and immunological features that account for the high
incidence of allergenic cross-reactivity. We aimed to gain more information on the correlation between Poaceae airborne pollen
and allergen concentration and hence make a reliable assessment of true pollen exposure in different bioclimatic areas. The
release of Lol p 1 allergen from grass pollen differs between years and areas depending on variables like meteorological factors,
biological sources, and cross-reactions with homologous allergens. This study monitored airborne pollen concentrations of
grasses and Lol p 1 aeroallergen in León and Ourense, two cities with different climatic conditions located in northwestern
Spain. Lol p 1 content in aerosol samples was quantified using specific ELISA antibody plates. Some our results show that
Lol p 1 concentration increases when the atmospheric relative humidity is below 70%. This could explain the appearance of
protein peaks at times when little or no grass pollen is present, especially after a short and heavy storm. 相似文献
177.
Poggio P Grau JB Field BC Sainger R Seefried WF Rizzolio F Ferrari G 《Journal of cellular physiology》2011,226(8):2139-2149
Calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) is a pathological condition of the aortic valve characterized by dystrophic calcification of the valve leaflets. Despite the high prevalence and mortality associated with CAS, little is known about its pathogenetic mechanisms. Characterized by progressive dystrophic calcification of the valve leaflets, the early stages of aortic valve degeneration are similar to the active inflammatory process of atherosclerosis including endothelial disruption, inflammatory cell infiltration, lipid deposition, neo-vascularization and calcification. In the vascular system, the endothelium is an important regulator of physiological and pathological conditions; however, the contribution of endothelial dysfunction to valvular degeneration at the cellular and molecular level has received little attention. Endothelial cell (EC) activation and neo-vascularization of the cusps characterizes all stages of aortic valvular degeneration from aortic sclerosis to aortic stenosis. Here we reported the role of osteopontin (OPN) in the regulation of EC activation in vitro and in excised tissue from CAS patients and controls. OPN is an important pro-angiogenic factor in several pathologies. High levels of OPN have been demonstrated in both tissue and plasma of patients with aortic valve sclerosis and stenosis. The characterization of valvular ECs as a cellular target for OPN will help us uncover the pathogenesis of aortic valve degeneration and stenosis, opening new perspectives for the prevention and therapy of this prevalent disease. 相似文献
178.
Soudzilovskaia NA Graae BJ Douma JC Grau O Milbau A Shevtsova A Wolters L Cornelissen JH 《The New phytologist》2011,190(4):1019-1031
Interactions between vascular plants and bryophytes determine plant community composition in many ecosystems. Yet, little is known about the importance of interspecific differences between bryophytes with respect to their effects on vascular plants. We compared the extent to which species-specific bryophyte effects on vascular plant generative recruitment depend on the following underlying mechanisms: allelopathy, mechanical obstruction, soil moisture and temperature control. We sowed 10 vascular plant species into monospecific mats of six chemically and structurally diverse bryophytes, and examined 1-yr seedling recruitment. Allelopathic effects were also assessed in a laboratory phyto-assay. Although all bryophytes suppressed vascular plant regeneration, there were significant differences between the bryophyte species. The lack of interactions indicated the absence of species-specific adaptations of vascular plants for recruitment in bryophyte mats. Differences between bryophyte species were best explained by alterations in temperature regime under bryophyte mats, mostly by reduced temperature amplitudes during germination. The temperature regime under bryophyte mats was well predicted by species-specific bryophyte cushion thickness. The fitness of established seedlings was not affected by the presence of bryophytes. Our results suggest that climatically or anthropogenically driven changes in the species' composition of bryophyte communities have knock-on effects on vascular plant populations via generative reproduction. 相似文献
179.
180.
Biallas S Wilker S Lips KS Kummer W Grando SA Padberg W Grau V 《Life sciences》2007,80(24-25):2286-2289
The success of clinical lung transplantation is poor in comparison to other solid organ transplants and novel therapeutic approaches are badly needed. In the view of the recent discovery of anti-inflammatory pathways mediated via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, we investigated changes in this system in pulmonary isografts and allografts by immunohistochemistry. Lung transplantation was performed in the isogeneic Lewis to Lewis rat strain combination. For allogeneic transplantation Dark Agouti rats were used as donors. Nicotinic alpha9 and alpha10 acetylcholine receptor subunits were detected on alveolar macrophages as well as in the lung parenchyma of native and transplanted lungs. The expression of both receptor subunits was up-regulated in the parenchyma of day 4 allografts. These allografts were characterized by accumulations of alveolar macrophages strongly expressing the alpha9 and the alpha10 receptor subunit. Therapeutic application of nicotinic agonists might down-modulate pro-inflammatory functions of alveolar macrophages and protect pulmonary transplants. 相似文献