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41.
Anne Seidlitz Nadine Kotzan Stefan Nagel Thomas Reske Niels Grabow Claus Harder Svea Petersen Katrin Sternberg Werner Weitschies 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Drug-coated balloons are medical devices designed to locally deliver drug to diseased segments of the vessel wall. For these dosage forms, drug transfer to the vessel wall needs to be examined in detail, since drug released into the blood is cleared from the site. In order to examine drug transfer, a new in vitro setup was developed combining the estimation of drug loss during advancement to the site of application in a model coronary artery pathway with a hydrogel compartment representing, as a very simplified model, the vessel wall. The transfer of fluorescent model substances as well as the drug paclitaxel from coated balloons to the simulated vessel wall was evaluated using this method. The model was suitable to quantify the fractions transferred to the hydrogel and also to qualitatively assess distribution patterns in the hydrogel film. In the case of fluorescein sodium, rhodamin b and paclitaxel, vast amounts of the coated substance were lost during the simulated passage and only very small fractions of about 1% of the total load were transferred to the gel. This must be attributed to good water solubility of the fluorescent substances and the mechanical instability of the paclitaxel coating. Transfer of the hydrophobic model substance triamterene was however nearly unaffected by the preliminary tracking procedure with transferred fractions ranging from 8% to 14%. Analysis of model substance distribution yielded inhomogeneous distributions indicating that the coating was not evenly distributed on the balloon surface and that a great fraction of the coating liquid did not penetrate the folds of the balloon. This finding is contradictory to the generally accepted assumption of a drug depot inside the folds and emphasizes the necessity to thoroughly characterize in vitro performance of drug-coated balloons to support the very promising clinical data. 相似文献
42.
A practical single-agar-layer plaque assay for the direct detection of coliphages in 100-ml samples of water was designed and evaluated. With this assay a 100-ml sample of water, an agar medium containing divalent cations, and the host Escherichia coli C (ATCC 13706) were mixed in a single container, and the mixture was plated on 10 14-cm-diameter petri dishes. It was more sensitive, reliable, and accurate than various other methods and proved rapid, simple, and economic. 相似文献
43.
Background
Experimentally determined protein structures may contain errors and require validation. Conformational criteria based on the Ramachandran plot are mainly used to distinguish bet ween distorted and adequately refined models. While the readily available criteria are sufficient to detect totally wrong structures, establishing the more subtle differences between plausible structures remains more challenging. 相似文献44.
This study was undertaken to characterize the enzymatic properties of the particulate guanylyl cyclase previously shown to
be present at a high level of activity in purified rat brain myelin. Significant activation was achieved by both Lubrol-PX
and Triton X-100, the latters being somewhat more effective. A pH optimum of 7.8 was observed, compared to 7.4 for microsomes.
Employing 1.2 mM GTP with 1% Triton X-100, linearity of response was observed up to 60 min and approximately 1.2 mg of myelin
protein. Kinetic analysis revealed Km values of 0.258 mM and 0.486mM for myelin and microsomes, respectively, similar values being obtained by Lineweaver-Burke
analysis or Direct Linear Plot. Vmax values were 20 and 266 pmol/mg protein/min for myelin and microsomes, respectively. Washing of the myelin with 0.5 M NaCl
or 0.1% Na taurocholate did not remove a significant amount of guanylyl cyclase activity, indicating the enzyme to be intrinsic
to the myelin sheath.
Special issue dedicated to Dr. Marion E. Smith. 相似文献
45.
Methionine synthesis in Proteus mirabilis 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
46.
47.
Arginine gene clusters in the Proteus-Providence group 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
O W Prozesky W O Grabow S van der Merwe J N Coetzee 《Journal of general microbiology》1973,77(1):237-240
48.
W O Grabow J C De Villiers C I Schildhauer 《Applied and environmental microbiology》1992,58(9):3203-3204
In a comparison of five selected methods for the enumeration of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in naturally contaminated and sewage-seeded mussels (Choromytilus spp.) and oysters (Ostrea spp.), a spread-plate procedure with mFC agar without rosolic acid and preincubation proved the method of choice for routine quality assessment. 相似文献
49.
50.