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91.
Jrg Bckelmann Karin Tremetsberger Kateina umberov Gudrun Kohl Heinrich Grausgruber Karl‐Georg Bernhardt 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(8):3620-3635
Many ephemeral mudflat species, which rely on a soil seed bank to build up the next generation, are endangered in their natural habitat due to the widespread regulation of rivers. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of the soil seed bank and dispersal for the maintenance of genetic diversity in populations of near‐natural river habitats and anthropogenic habitats created by traditional fish farming practices using Cyperus fuscus as a model. Using microsatellite markers, we found no difference in genetic diversity levels between soil seed bank and above‐ground population and only moderate differentiation between the two fractions. One possible interpretation is the difference in short‐term selection during germination under specific conditions (glasshouse versus field) resulting in an ecological filtering of genotypes out of the reservoir in the soil. River populations harbored significantly more genetic diversity than populations from the anthropogenic pond types. We suggest that altered levels and patterns of dispersal together with stronger selection pressures and historical bottlenecks in anthropogenic habitats are responsible for the observed reduction in genetic diversity. Dispersal is also supposed to largely prohibit genetic structure across Europe, although there is a gradient in private allelic richness from southern Europe (high values) to northern, especially north‐western, Europe (low values), which probably relates to postglacial expansion out of southern and/or eastern refugia. 相似文献
92.
Rakić Tamara Pešić Mila Kostić Nikola Andrejić Gordana Fira Djordje Dželetović Željko Stanković Slaviša Lozo Jelena 《Plant and Soil》2021,462(1-2):349-363
Plant and Soil - Flotation tailings represent an extremely unfriendly substrate for plant colonization due to toxic metal concentrations and marked macronutrient deficiencies. The perennial grass... 相似文献
93.
94.
Dovgan Barbara Miklavčič Damijan Knežević Miomir Zupan Janja Barlič Ariana 《Cytotechnology》2021,73(3):391-411
Cytotechnology - Trehalose is a nontoxic disaccharide and a promising cryoprotection agent for medically applicable cells. In this study, the efficiency of combining trehalose with reversible... 相似文献
95.
Matić Ivana Z. Ergün Sercan Đorđić Crnogorac Marija Misir Sema Aliyazicioğlu Yüksel Damjanović Ana Džudžević-Čančar Hurija Stanojković Tatjana Konanç Kalbiye Petrović Nina 《Cytotechnology》2021,73(3):373-389
Cytotechnology - Six extracts were obtained from plant species Hypericum perforatum L., collected at Samsun in Turkey. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanisms of the anticancer activity... 相似文献
96.
Francová Kateřina Šumberová Kateřina Kučerová Andrea Šorf Michal Grill Stanislav Exler Norbert Vrba Jaroslav 《Wetlands Ecology and Management》2021,29(1):93-110
Wetlands Ecology and Management - Plants play an important role in fishpond littorals, but little is known about factors influencing their presence and growth patterns. We surveyed vegetation of... 相似文献
97.
Eva Kiessling Sarah Nötzli Vyara Todorova Merima Forny Matthias R. Baumgartner Marijana Samardzija Jakub Krijt Viktor Kožich Christian Grimm D. Sean Froese 《生物化学与生物物理学报:疾病的分子基础》2021,1867(10):166201
Combined methylmalonic aciduria with homocystinuria (cblC type) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the MMACHC gene. MMACHC encodes an enzyme crucial for intracellular vitamin B12 metabolism, leading to the accumulation of toxic metabolites e.g. methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine (Hcy), and secondary disturbances in folate and one-carbon metabolism when not fully functional. Patients with cblC deficiency often present in the neonatal or early childhood period with a severe multisystem pathology, which comprises a broad spectrum of treatment-resistant ophthalmological phenotypes, including retinal degeneration, impaired vision, and vascular changes. To examine the potential function of MMACHC in the retina and how its loss may impact disease, we performed gene expression studies in human and mouse, which showed that local expression of MMACHC in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium is relatively stable over time. To study whether functional MMACHC is required for retinal function and tissue integrity, we generated a transgenic mouse lacking Mmachc expression in cells of the peripheral retina. Characterization of this mouse revealed accumulation of cblC disease related metabolites, including MMA and the folate-dependent purine synthesis intermediates AICA-riboside and SAICA-riboside in the retina. Nevertheless, fundus appearance, morphology, vasculature, and cellular composition of the retina, as well as ocular function, remained normal in mice up to 6 or 12 months of age. Our data indicates that peripheral retinal neurons do not require intrinsic expression of Mmachc for survival and function and questions whether a local MMACHC deficiency is responsible for the retinal phenotypes in patients. 相似文献
98.
Tolar Tjaša Galik Alfred Le Bailly Matthieu Dufour Benjamin Caf Nina Toškan Borut Bužan Elena Zver Lars Janžekovič Franc Velušček Anton 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》2021,30(1):107-118
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany - Multi-proxy analysis of the coprolites which were found during excavations at two Late Neolithic (fourth millennium bc) pile-dwelling sites (Črnelnik and... 相似文献
99.
Joana Romero Carolina Vieira Susana Garrido Margarida Hermida Paulo Catry Graça Faria José Pedro Granadeiro 《Journal of fish biology》2021,99(3):831-843
The Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias and the blue jack mackerel Trachurus picturatus are two abundant species in the Macaronesia region which includes the archipelago of Madeira, Portugal. Both are key species in the trophic web, being important prey for several local top predators, such as seabirds and marine mammals. Nonetheless, little is known about their feeding ecology in oceanic environments. In this study, the authors describe the seasonal variation in the diet of S. colias and T. picturatus in the oceanic region of Madeira throughout a year. Visual inspection of stomach contents revealed that S. colias fed on a broader range of prey groups than T. picturatus, but for both species, zooplankton (particularly calanoid copepods) and fish were the most important food items. The diet of S. colias included a higher proportion of fish, namely Atlantic saury Scomberesox saurus and S. colias, than that of T. picturatus, that included mostly the longspine snipefish Macroramphosus scolopax. T. picturatus consumed a higher proportion of decapods and other copepods. Seasonal variation was found in the diet of both species, with zooplanktonic species being more important in colder months (February to April) for S. colias and during warm months (May to October) for T. picturatus. Their diet in other seasons was dominated by fish. Although they consume similar prey, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of muscle of S. colias and T. picturatus showed little overlap in their diets, and T. picturatus showed higher δ15N and a narrower isotopic niche. 相似文献
100.
Distinctive probiotic features share common TLR2‐dependent signalling in intestinal epithelial cells
Diana Paveljek Karolina Ivi
ak‐Kocjan Primo Treven Mojca Ben
ina Roman Jerala Irena Rogelj 《Cellular microbiology》2021,23(1)
The underlying mechanisms of probiotics and postbiotics are not well understood, but it is known that both affect the adaptive and innate immune responses. In addition, there is a growing concept that some probiotic strains have common core mechanisms that provide certain health benefits. Here, we aimed to elucidate the signalization of the probiotic bacterial strains Lactobacillus paragasseri K7, Limosilactobacillus fermentum L930BB, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis IM386 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1. We showed in in vitro experiments that the tested probiotics exhibit common TLR2‐ and TLR10‐dependent downstream signalling cascades involving inhibition of NF‐κB signal transduction. Under inflammatory conditions, the probiotics activated phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt anti‐apoptotic pathways and protein kinase C (PKC)‐dependent pathways, which led to regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and tight junctions. These pathways contribute to the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium and modulation of the mucosal immune system, which, together with the inhibition of canonical TLR signalling, promote general immune tolerance. With this study we identified shared probiotic mechanisms and were the first to pinpoint the role of anti‐inflammatory probiotic signalling through TLR10. 相似文献