海马内注射脑啡肽对细胞免疫功能及脑内IL－1α基因表达的影响

本文研究了海马内微量注射脑啡肽对大鼠细胞免疫功能及海马内白细胞介素－１α（ＩＬ－１α）基因表达的影响。结果发现：（１）双侧海马内微量注射甲硫－脑啡肽或亮－脑啡肽各１μｌ（１８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能明显增强ＣｏｎＡ刺激的脾淋巴细胞增殖活性,而双侧海马内微注射脂多糖各１μｌ（５０ｎｇ／μｌ）则起抑制作用。切除双侧肾上腺后,海马内注射脑啡肽仍可增强脾淋巴细胞增殖反应。低浓度亮－及甲硫－脑啡肽（１０￣（－１０）,１０￣（－１１）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）直接作用于体外培养的大鼠脾淋巴细胞,也明显增强ＣｏｎＡ刺激的细胞增殖活性。（２）双侧海马内微量注射脂多糖各１μｌ（５０ｎｇ／μｌ）,于９０ｍｉｎ后用逆转录－聚合酶链反应技术检测到海马结构内ＩＬ－１α基因表达,而海马内甲硫或亮脑啡肽注射３０ｍｉｎ后再给予脂多糖,则未检测到ＩＬ－１αｃＤＮＡ的扩增条带。上述结果表明,海马结构对机体免疫功能的调节中脑啡肽起着重要作用,其机制可能与抑制海马结构ＩＬ－１α基因表达有关。     

Molecular phylogenetic evidence that the phylum Haplosporidia has an alveolate ancestry

The phylogenetic position of the phylum Haplosporidia among other protists was investigated with the complete 16S-like rRNA gene sequences from two species in the phylum: Haplosporidium nelsoni, a parasite of oysters, and Minchinia teredinis, a parasite of shipworms. Because the lack of obvious morphological homologies with other protists hampered decisions regarding taxonomic composition for sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the complete sequences for these two haplosporidians were directed as search queries to the blast/ncbi.nlm.nih.gov electronic mail server. The results of this heuristic similarity search provided a basis for constructing a preliminary higher-taxonomic-level analysis comparing the haplosporidians with species from the slime molds, fungi, algae, amoebae, ciliates, dinoflagellates, and apicomplexans. Maximum parsimony yielded equivocal results, whereas transversionally weighted parsimony suggested an affinity with the alveolates (i.e., the ciliates, dinoflagellates, and apicomplexans). Multiple alignment of the two haplosporidian sequences against 17 taxa in a secondary analysis focusing on the alveolates and subsequent parsimony analysis placed the phylum Haplosporidia as a monophyletic group within the Alveolata and as a taxon of equal rank with the other three alveolate phyla. The precise placement within the Alveolata was sensitive to weighting.      

陕西省主要蔬菜产区蔬菜重金属污染状况分析与评价

以GB18406．1-2001无公害蔬菜标准为评价依据．对陕西省8个蔬菜主产区的127个蔬菜样品中汞、砷、铅、镉和铬5种重金属污染状况进行分析评价。结果表明,陕西省主要蔬菜产区蔬菜重金属污染以铅污染为主。茄果类和瓜菜类蔬菜铅污染严重,绿叶类蔬菜铅污染相对较轻．其它4种重金属污染未超过国家标准,其中各产区均未检出镉。铅污染程度的大小顺序足成阳秦都〉宝鸡岐山蔡家坡〉汉中汉台〉渭南临渭。成阳泾阳、宝鸡太白、汉中城固、渭南大荔蔬菜产区5种蓖金瞒均未超标．具备发展无公害蔬菜生产基地条件。     

MAGE-A1,A2,A3,A4在膀胱移行细胞癌组织及细胞株中基因表达的研究

目的研究膀胱移行细胞癌(TCC)中黑色素瘤抗原(MAGE)基因表达。方法逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测20例膀胱TCC患者癌组织和3株膀胱TCC细胞株T24、EJ、BIU87中MAGE-A1、A2、A3、A4基因mRNA表达。结果20例膀胱TCC癌组织中19例(95%)至少表达一种MAGE-A基因,12例MAGE-A1阳性(60%),16例MAGE-A2阳性(80%),11例MAGE-A3阳性(55%),18例MAGE-A4阳性(90%),MAGE-A1-4均阳性8例(40%)。膀胱TCC细胞株T24中MAGE-A1-4基因均表达,EJ中MAGE-A3、A4基因表达,BIU87中MAGE-A2、A3、A4基因表达。结论MAGE基因在膀胱TCC中有较高表达,可望成为膀胱TCC免疫治疗的靶基因。     

菠萝蜜中香气成分分析

用溶剂法提取菠萝蜜中的香气成分,用GC-MS联用技术鉴定了82个化合物,占香气成分总量的94．66％,主要为脂肪酸类以及酯类、醇类、烷氧基烷烃类和酮类物质,主要成分为亚油酸(24．10％),棕榈酸(15．72％)和油酸(6．16％)。     

气候变化对内蒙古中东部沙地-湿地镶嵌景观的影响

利用小波分析和遥感技术相结合的方法,研究了气候变化对1961—2005年内蒙古中东部沙地-湿地镶嵌景观的影响.结果表明：1961—2005年,研究区年均气温呈直线上升趋势,增温率为0.32 ℃·（10 a）^-1,年降水量变化呈现30 a的长周期和15 a的短周期,年均风速呈下降趋势,10 a的风速减小率为0.26 m·s^-1;研究区东南部存在一个气候变化恒定区域,由此恒定区向西北进入浑善达克沙地腹地,向东逐步进入科尔沁沙地腹地;2010年以前,研究区仍将维持气温升高、降水偏少、风速减小的趋势;受气候暖干化的影响,浑善达克沙地及其周围湿地的总面积呈逐年缩小趋势,随着沙地内部植被的退化,流动沙地不断扩大、湿地萎缩、湖泊干涸,而相应的固定和半固定沙地面积则明显减少.     

电场对油葵种子苗期干旱胁迫后生长的影响

用不同电场强度处理油葵种子,在田间和实验室测定电场处理种子对苗期干旱胁迫后生长的影响。研究结果表明,种子经电场处理,可明显提高油葵生长的抗旱能力。在０．５ｋＶ／ｃｍ－６．０ｋＶ／ｃｍ场强范围内,不同电场强度对其生长的影响程序不同。与对照组相比,田间出苗率提高４．１１％￣２８．０％,根冠比提高６．６０％￣３８．７％,植株萎蔫程度降低５．０％￣９５％,产量提高３．４０％￣１７．９％,含油率提高１．０３     

14种菊科植物提取物对菜青虫的杀虫活性

用胜红蓟、黄花蒿、青蒿、艾蒿、鬼针草、三叶鬼针草、鱼眼草、小鱼眼草、紫茎泽兰、千里光、希签草、万寿菊、肿柄菊、苍耳等１４种菊科植物的石油醚、氯仿、丙酮、乙醇、甲醇和水提取物对菜青虫５龄幼虫的生测结果表明,黄花蒿、青蒿、艾蒿、鱼眼草、小鱼眼草、紫茎泽兰、万寿菊等７种菊科植物甲醇和乙醇提取物具有较高的杀虫活性。此结果为进一步从菊科植物中提取,分离和筛选高活性杀虫活性成分奠定了基础。     

云南草蔻和长柄山姜挥发油的化学成分分析

云南草蔻（Alpinia blepharocalyx K．Schum．）和长柄山姜（A．kwangsiensis T．L．Wu et Senjen）均为姜科山姜属多年生草本植物。云南草蔻,又名小草蔻,产自云南南部及西部,生于海拔100～1000m的疏林中;长柄山姜主要分布在广东、广西、贵州和云南,生于山谷中林下阴湿处,海拔580～680m。云南草蔻是傣药品种之一,种子以草豆蔻之名入药,根茎则用于治疗腹胀、腹部冷痛;长柄山姜根茎可治脘腹冷痛、胃寒呕吐。到目前为止,有关云南草蔻和长柄山姜根茎挥发油成分的研究尚未见报道。     

Systematic implications of seed coat diversity in Gaultherieae (Ericaceae)

The seed morphology of 90 samples from 83 species of tribe Gaultherieae (Chamaedaphne, Diplycosia, Eubotryoides, Eubotrys, Gaultheria and Leucothoe) and relatives in tribes Andromedeae (Andromeda and Zenobia) and Vaccinieae (Satyria) was investigated with stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopy. Seeds exhibit variation in shape, colour, size, wing, hilum region, primary ornamentation and epidermal cells. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis based on selected seed characters supports the affinities of some groups within Gaultherieae at various taxonomic levels. Seed characters corroborate the delimitation of Andromeda, Chamaedaphne, Leucothoe, Satyria and Zenobia and Gaultheria series Trichophyllae, series Hispidulae, section Amblyandra and section Brossaeopsis. Parsimony optimization of seed characters onto a previously published phylogenetic estimate of Gaultherieae reveals that small seeds have evolved from larger seeds and an areolate seed coat has evolved from a reticulate seed coat. Optimization also suggests that several seed character states are synapomorphies or potential synapomorphies for some major clades of Gaultherieae. Seeds of Gaultherieae from East Asia, temperate North America and the Pacific are more diverse than those from tropical America. Samples from the eastern Himalaya possess the highest variation in seed morphology. The wing and bulging edge cells observed in seeds of Leucothoe suggest dispersal by wind. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 162 , 477–495.