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71.
D. Bernacchi T. Beck-Bunn Y. Eshed J. Lopez V. Petiard J. Uhlig D. Zamir S. Tanksley 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1998,97(3):381-397
Advanced backcross QTL (AB-QTL) analysis is a new strategy for studying the effect of unadapted alleles on the agronomic
performance of elite cultivated lines. In this paper we report results from the application of the AB-QTL strategy to cultivated
tomato using the wild species Lycopersicon hirsutum LA1777 as the donor parent. RFLP genomic fingerprints were determined for 315 BC2 plants and phenotypic data were collected for 19 agronomic traits from approximately 200 derived BC3 lines which were grown in replicated field trials in three locations worldwide. Between 1 and 12 significant QTLs were identified
for each of the 19 traits evaluated, with a total of 121 QTLs identified for all traits. For 25 of the QTLs (20%) corresponding
to 12 traits (60%), the L. hirsutum allele was associated with an improvement of the trait from a horticultural perspective, despite the fact that L. hirsutum is overall phenotypically inferior to the elite parent. For example, L. hirsutum has fruit that remains green when ripe (lack of red pigment) yet alleles were found in this species that significantly increase
red color when transferred into cultivated tomatoes. Wild alleles were also associated with increases in total yield and soluble
solids (up to 15%) and brix×red yield (up to 41%). These results support the idea that one cannot predict the genetic potential
of exotic germplasm based on phenotype alone and that marker-based methods, such as the AB-QTL strategy, should be applied
to fully exploit exotic germplasm.
Received: 27 October 1997 / Accepted: 25 November 1997 相似文献
72.
H. Walter G. Rohwedder M. Harms I. Schimmel H. Storch R. Uhlig U. Jaeger 《International Journal of Anthropology》1993,8(2):105-110
Haptoglobin (HP), transferrin (TF), group specific component (GC) and protease inhibitor (PI) polymorphisms were studied in
three population samples from Thuringia: Jena, n=204; Erfurt, n=213; Suhl, n=180. GC and in particular TF allele frequencies
show some statistically significant distribution heterogeneity, whereas HP and PI allele frequencies do not show any remarkable
distribution differences. The results are discussed and compared with those obtained previously on other population samples
from the eastern parts of Germany. 相似文献
73.
74.
Walter A Scharr H Gilmer F Zierer R Nagel KA Ernst M Wiese A Virnich O Christ MM Uhlig B Jünger S Schurr U 《The New phytologist》2007,174(2):447-455
Using a novel setup, we assessed how fast growth of Nicotiana tabacum seedlings responds to alterations in the light regime and investigated whether starch-free mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana show decreased growth potential at an early developmental stage. Leaf area and relative growth rate were measured based on pictures from a camera automatically placed above an array of 120 seedlings. Detection of total seedling leaf area was performed via global segmentation of colour images for preset thresholds of the parameters hue, saturation and value. Dynamic acclimation of relative growth rate towards altered light conditions occurred within 1 d in N. tabacum exposed to high nutrient availability, but not in plants exposed to low nutrient availability. Increased leaf area was correlated with an increase in shoot fresh and dry weight as well as root growth in N. tabacum. Relative growth rate was shown to be a more appropriate parameter than leaf area for detection of dynamic growth acclimation. Clear differences in leaf growth activity were also observed for A. thaliana. As growth responses are generally most flexible in early developmental stages, the procedure described here is an important step towards standardized protocols for rapid detection of the effects of changes in internal (genetic) and external (environmental) parameters regulating plant growth. 相似文献
75.
Gotram Uhlig 《Helgoland Marine Research》1964,11(3-4):178-185
Zusammenfassung 1. Die vagile Mikrofauna des Sandlückensystems läßt sich mit Hilfe der hier beschriebenen, einfachen und schnellen Extraktionsmethode nahezu quantitativ aus dem Substrat hinaustreiben und ohne Beschädigung sauber in einer Kulturschale auffangen.2. Die Methode beruht auf der künstlichen Erzeugung eines Temperaturgefälles, dem die mesopsammale Fauna auszuweichen sucht. Die Wirksamkeit weiterer Faktorengradienten soll noch ermittelt werden.3. Die Extraktion verläuft selbst bei recht verschiedenartigen Sedimenten erfolgreich. Voraussetzung ist, daß das Sediment ein kapillares Strukturgefüge aufweist.4. Die Methode kann im Labor, aber auch im Freien oder an Bord eines Schiffes eingesetzt werden.
Herrn Professor Dr.Adolf Bückmann zum 65. Geburtstag in Verehrung gewidmet. 相似文献
A simple method for the extraction of the vagile, mesopsammal microfauna
The methods used up to now for separating the mesopsammal (interstitial) microfauna from its substrate are both cumbersome and time-consuming and can hardly be considered quantitative. A new, relatively fast extraction method is introduced, which makes it possible to collect and transfer the microfauna from different sediment types — providing they have a capillary structure — uninjured and soil-free into a culture dish. The extraction is effected via a steep temperature gradient built up in the substratum through the addition of ice from above. The mesopsammal microfauna flees from the downward moving temperature gradient and finally emerges into the culture dish below, where it can be readily collected. The efficiency of the new method seems quite high, especially for the smallest forms, such as flagellates and ciliates, of which almost 100% are driven out. It is hoped to increase both the efficiency and the group specificity of the method by employing additional environmental gradients.
Herrn Professor Dr.Adolf Bückmann zum 65. Geburtstag in Verehrung gewidmet. 相似文献
76.
Jessica Pruessmeyer Christian Martin Franz M. Hess Nicole Schwarz Sven Schmidt Tanja Kogel Nicole Hoettecke Boris Schmidt Antonio Sechi Stefan Uhlig Andreas Ludwig 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(1):555-564
Syndecans are cell surface proteoglycans that bind and modulate various proinflammatory mediators and can be proteolytically shed from the cell surface. Within the lung, syndecan-1 and -4 are expressed as transmembrane proteins on epithelial cells and released in the bronchoalveolar fluid during inflammation. We here characterize the mechanism leading to the generation of soluble syndecan-1 and -4 in cultured epithelial cells and murine lung tissue. We show that the bladder carcinoma epithelial cell line ECV304, the lung epithelial cell line A459 and primary alveolar epithelial cells express and constitutively release syndecan-1 and -4. This release involves the activity of the disintegrin-like metalloproteinase ADAM17 as demonstrated by use of specific inhibitors and lentivirally transduced shRNA. Stimulation of epithelial cells with PMA, thrombin, or proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα/IFNγ) led to the down-regulation of surface-expressed syndecan-1 and -4, which was associated with a significant increase of soluble syndecans and cell-associated cleavage fragments. The enhanced syndecan release was not related to gene induction of syndecans or ADAM17, but rather due to increased ADAM17 activity. Soluble syndecan-1 and -4 were also released into the bronchoalveolar fluid of mice. Treatment with TNFα/IFNγ increased ADAM17 activity and syndecan release in murine lungs. Both constitutive and induced syndecan shedding was prevented by the ADAM17 inhibitor. ADAM17 may therefore be an important regulator of syndecan functions on inflamed lung epithelium. 相似文献
77.
Characterization of Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ and IL-10-secreting CD4+CD25+ T cells during cure of colitis 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Uhlig HH Coombes J Mottet C Izcue A Thompson C Fanger A Tannapfel A Fontenot JD Ramsdell F Powrie F 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2006,177(9):5852-5860
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells can prevent and resolve intestinal inflammation in the murine T cell transfer model of colitis. Using Foxp3 as a marker of regulatory T cell activity, we now provide a comprehensive analysis of the in vivo distribution of Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ cells in wild-type mice, and during cure of experimental colitis. In both cases, Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ cells were found to accumulate in the colon and secondary lymphoid organs. Importantly, Foxp3+ cells were present at increased density in colon samples from patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, suggesting similarities in the behavior of murine and human regulatory cells under inflammatory conditions. Cure of murine colitis was dependent on the presence of IL-10, and IL-10-producing CD4+CD25+ T cells were enriched within the colon during cure of colitis and also under steady state conditions. Our data indicate that although CD4+CD25+ T cells expressing Foxp3 are present within both lymphoid organs and the colon, subsets of IL-10-producing CD4+CD25+ T cells are present mainly within the intestinal lamina propria suggesting compartmentalization of the regulatory T cell response at effector sites. 相似文献
78.
By means of a recording sheet the data about 62 artificially immunised male persons are evaluated retrospectively. 51 of them (82.3%) were anti-D-antibodies, with 41 of them having a high titer sufficient for gaining plasma. 2/3 of all test persons formed an accompanying antibody anti-C. In order to avoid this, persons of Rh-formula Cde may be included into artificial immunisation. An anti-E as an accompanying antibody was found in 2/3 of those test persons who had received injections of cDE blood. The blood of this Rh-formula will yield better immunising results than cDe blood. It was only in three immunised persons (4.8%) that side effects with a light or medium course of seriousness could be observed. It is necessary to develop immunobiological investigation methods to recognize those persons prior to the arteficial immunisation, who are suitable or unsuitable for anti-D-antibody formation. 相似文献
79.
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) provide protection for organisms subjected to the presence of ice crystals. The psychrophilic diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus which is frequently found in polar sea ice carries a multitude of AFP isoforms. In this study we report the heterologous expression of two antifreeze protein isoforms from F. cylindrus in Escherichia coli. Refolding from inclusion bodies produced proteins functionally active with respect to crystal deformation, recrystallization inhibition and thermal hysteresis. We observed a reduction of activity in the presence of the pelB leader peptide in comparison with the GS-linked SUMO-tag. Activity was positively correlated to protein concentration and buffer salinity. Thermal hysteresis and crystal deformation habit suggest the affiliation of the proteins to the hyperactive group of AFPs. One isoform, carrying a signal peptide for secretion, produced a thermal hysteresis up to 1.53 °C ± 0.53 °C and ice crystals of hexagonal bipyramidal shape. The second isoform, which has a long preceding N-terminal sequence of unknown function, produced thermal hysteresis of up to 2.34 °C ± 0.25 °C. Ice crystals grew in form of a hexagonal column in presence of this protein. The different sequences preceding the ice binding domain point to distinct localizations of the proteins inside or outside the cell. We thus propose that AFPs have different functions in vivo, also reflected in their specific TH capability. 相似文献
80.