Use of Carbowax as a high molecular weight nonprotein substance for cultivation of lymphoid cell and study of their morphology

Lymphoid cells prepared from rabbit popliteal lymph nodes were cultivated in medium in which the high molecular weight component was replaced by Carbowax 20 M. This substance, in 0.2% concentration, proved to be a substitute for the high molecular weight component in short-term cultivation, and the viability results were similar to those in medium containing normal rabbit serum or 0.5% human serum albumin. In addition, mitoses and the formation of large basophilic cells resembling the blastoid cells induced during cultivation with phytohaemagglutinin were observed in this medium. The results are discussed.     

Secondary responsein vitro to antigen ΦX 174 phage

In a model secondary reactionin vitro, a correlation was demonstrated between the size of the antigen dose used for the prestimulation of spleen tissue donors and the type of antibodies formed in the anamnestic reaction. After a small dose of antigen ΦX 174, the antibody response three days after prestimulation was of the 19 S (IgM) type, but later secondary contactin vitro (after four months) did not produce a 19 S anamnestic reaction. After large primary doses of antigen, a short interval between primary and secondary contact led to the formation of 19 and 7 S type antibodies, while after a long interval only 7 S (IgG) type antibodies were formed. The results are discussed in relation to differences in the size of the antigen dose needed to induce short-term 19 S and long-term 7 S immunological memory.     

A Comparative study on the reactions for protein sulphydryl,carboxyl and tyrosine in plant nuclei

V této práci byly aplikovány na rostlinných objektech reakce s β-oxynaftyl-merkurichloridem a p-nitrobromacetofenonem, popsané k pr?kazu bílkovinných SH na materiálu ?ivo?i?ném. V rostlinných meristematických buňkách obě tyto techniky stejně jako DDD¹ a RSR¹ jeví vět?inou intensivněj?í zbarvení jader ne? cytoplasmy. Rovně? po aplikaci reakcí na bílkovinné karboxyly a tyrosin je jádro intensivněji zbarveno ne? cytoplasma. Z toho lze soudit, ?e rozdíly v intensitě zbarvení jádra a cytoplasmy v meristematických buňkách rostlinných technikami k pr?kazu bílkovinných SH jsou zp?sobeny spí? rozdílem v celkové koncentraci bílkovin ne? zv??ením podílu cysteinu v jaderných bílkovinách.     

List of publications on human biometeorology in Czechoslovakia (period 1920–1960)

International Journal of Biometeorology -     

Relation of some M1 characters to the frequency of M2 mutants inArabidopsis thaliana

The relation of the M₁ root length and the frequency of M₁ chlorophyll chimeras to the sterility grade and to the frequency of M₂ mutants ofArabidopsis thaliana is demonstrated.     

Estimation of the mean floristic similarity between and within sets of vegetational relevés

Various possibilities of usingSörensen's coefficient of floristic similarity in plant sociology are summarized. A new formula (11), derived from that bySörensen and based on constancy values, is suggested in order to calculate the mean floristic similarity within a set of relevés.     

Estimation of the mean floristic similarity between and within sets of vegetational relevés

Various possibilities of usingSörensen’s coefficient of floristic similarity in plant sociology are summarized. A new formula (11). derived from that bySörensen and based on constancy values, is suggested in order to calculate the mean floristic similarity within a set of relevés.     

The genusSaccharomyces (Meyen) Reess

The authors submit a taxonomic evaluation of an intermediate group of strains between the speciesSaccharomyces carlsbergensis Hansen andSaccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen. The material consisted of atypical strains of “bottom” brewer’s yeasts and the synonymous strainsSaccharomyces monacensis Hansen andSaccharomyces mandshuricus Saito. It was found that there were two different serological types in the speciesSaccharomyces carlsbergensis, one of which was characterized by the presence of antigen “C” and was typical for this species, while the other possessed antigen “M” and was grouped roundSaccharomyces monacensis. This second serological type merges with a group of strains which gives only one third fermentation of raffinose, so that it is actually an intermediate betweenSaccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen andSaccharomyces carlsbergensis Hansen and indicates the course of progressive development from the former species to the latter. No close similarity was found betweenSaccharomyces mandshuricus Saito and some of the strains of the transitional group or typical representatives of the two main species, and the authors therefore consider that there is some obscurity as to its synonymity withSaccharomyces carlsbergensis.     

Contributions to the productivity of the littoral region of pools and ponds

Summary During a quantitative study of the littoral zooplankton of a backwater, temperature as well as some chemical conditions have been measured at monthly intervals throughout two years. All three stations with different types of vegetation showed during the daytime steadily higher temperatures near the surface than did the openwater station. pH, oxygen and alkalinity showed a clear dependence on the photosynthetic and respiratory activity of plants. At the station with a concentration of leaves of Nuphar, Hydrocharis, Myriophyllum, and Ceratophyllum near the surface, a remarkable vertical stratification of temperature and chemical factors were observed.Crustacea exceeded numerically the Rotatoria, the mean ratios for the warm seasons ranging from 1.9 to 4.8 : 1, at stations with emergent vegetation, and from 5.0 to 13.0, at stations with submerged vegetation. A spring (May) maximum of the littoral species, mainly Chydorus, was followed by an increase of tycholimnetic Cladocera during June–September; this was followed by a fall maximum of littoral Cyclopidae. In the case of the lower spring maximum of littoral species in 1954, a more abundant development of pelagic Rotatoria and of Ceriodaphnia was observed. The littoral and tycholimnetic or pelagic species seem to substitute for one another. Two types of life-cycles may be distinguished: The littoral species have mostly a well defined spring maximum and a less defined fall maximum, the tycholimnetic species, a summer maximum. At the station with submerged vegetation, Crustacea as well as Rotatoria were more concentrated near the surface than below it, the concentrations observed being five-fold for Crustacea, and two-fold for Rotatoria. Two phases may be distinguished, the pelagic, lasting from November until June, and the littoral, lasting from late June until October.The Labíko backwater had nearly ten times the concentration of littoral zooplankton, as the tarns observed by Smyly; this may be attributed to the generally greater productivity and denser vegetation of the former. The standing crop of the littoral zooplankton, expressed in organic nitrogen, reached 1 to 1.5 mg/l and 2 to 5 mg/dm². In comparison with the free-water region, the littoral zooplankton of the backwater was more concentrated per unit of volume, but had a lower standing crop per unit of surface area.

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Zusammenfassung Das litorale Zooplankton des Altwassers Labíko wurde in monatlichen Abständen studiert und Temperaturmessungen und chemische Analysen ausgeführt. Alle drei untersuchten Stationen mit verschiedener Vegetation zeigten während des Tages eine erhöhte Temperatur in Vergleich mit der pelagialen Region. pH, Sauerstoff and SBV zeigten eine deutliche Abhängigkeit von der photosynthetischen und respiratorischen Aktivität der Pflanzen. Auf der Station mit der Oberflächenanhäufung der Blätter von Nuphar, Hydrocharis, Myriophyllum und Ceratophyllum erschien eine markante vertikale Stratifikation der Temperatur und der chemischen Faktoren.Crustaceen überschritten die Rotatorien im numerischen Durchschnittsverhältnis (für die warmen Perioden) 1.9 bis 4.8 mal auf den Stationen mit der emergenten Vegetation and 5.0 bis 13.0 mal auf den Stationen mit submerser Vegetation. Einem Frühlingsmaximum der Litoralformen (hauptsächlich Chydorus) folgte eine erhöhte Zahl der tycholimnetischen Cladoceren im Juni–September nach. Dieses wurde durch das Herbstmaximum der litoralen Cyclopidae ausgelöst. In dem Falle eines niedrigen Frühlingsmaximum der Litoralformen im Jahre 1954 fand ein Aufsteig der pelagialen Rotatorien and Ceriodaphnien statt, was eine Substitution der litoralen and tycholimnetischen oder pelagialen Formen andeutet. Man kann zwei Typen von Lebenszyklen unterscheiden: Litorale Arten haben meistens ein gut ausgeprägtes Frühjahrsmaximum und ein weniger deutliches Herbstmaximum, während die tycholimnetischen Arten ein Sommermaximum aufweisen. Auf der Station mit submerser Vegetation sind Crustaceen sowie Rotatorien in der Oberflächenschicht viel mehr konzentriert als unter derselben (fünfmal, bezw. zweimal im Durchschnitt). Hier kann mit zwei Phasen gerechnet werden, einer pelagialen zwischen November und Anfang Juni and einer litoralen zwischen Ende Juni and Oktober.Das Altwasser Labíko hat ungefähr zehnmal höhere Konzentrationen des litoralen Zooplanktons als die von Smyly beobachteten Teiche, was der allgemein höheren Produktion und dichteren Vegetation des Altwassers zugerechnet werden kann. Die im Stickstoff ausgedrückte Biomasse des litoralen Zooplanktons erreicht 1.0–1.5 mg/l und 2–5 mg/dm₂. Im Vergleich zu der Freiwasserregion, ist das litorale Zooplankton des Altwassers mehr konzentriert, hat aber eine niedrigere Biomasse per Flächeneinheit.