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231.
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Thomas Hladish Vivek Gopalan Chengzhi Liang Weigang Qiu Peter Yang Arlin Stoltzfus 《BMC bioinformatics》2007,8(1):191
Background
Evolutionary analysis provides a formal framework for comparative analysis of genomic and other data. In evolutionary analysis, observed data are treated as the terminal states of characters that have evolved (via transitions between states) along the branches of a tree. The NEXUS standard of Maddison, et al. (1997; Syst. Biol. 46: 590–621) provides a portable, expressive and flexible text format for representing character-state data and trees. However, due to its complexity, NEXUS is not well supported by software and is not easily accessible to bioinformatics users and developers. 相似文献233.
234.
Narender Reddy Emmadi Krishnaiah Atmakur Ganesh Kumar Chityal Sujitha Pombala Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2012,22(23):7261-7264
A series of fluorinated tetrahydropyrano[3,2-c]chromenes and dihydropyrano[3,2-b]pyran derivatives have been synthesized and their in vitro cytotoxic activities have been determined in cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and human alveolar adenocarcinoma cell line (A549). Compounds 4g, 4k, 4p showed a very potent activity against MDA-MB-231, and 4c, 4p showed promising activity against MCF-7, while compounds 4c, 4g, 4p showed moderate activity against HeLa. 相似文献
235.
Tabashnik BE Morin S Unnithan GC Yelich AJ Ellers-Kirk C Harpold VS Sisterson MS Ellsworth PC Dennehy TJ Antilla L Liesner L Whitlow M Staten RT Fabrick JA Li X Carrière Y 《GM crops & food》2012,3(3):194-200
Evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the benefits of transgenic crops that produce toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for insect control. One of the world's most important cotton pests, pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), has been targeted for control by transgenic cotton producing Bt toxin Cry1Ac in several countries for more than a decade. In China, the frequency of resistance to Cry1Ac has increased, but control failures have not been reported. In western India, pink bollworm resistance to Cry1Ac has caused widespread control failures of Bt cotton. By contrast, in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States, monitoring data from bioassays and DNA screening demonstrate sustained susceptibility to Cry1Ac for 16 y. From 1996-2005, the main factors that delayed resistance in Arizona appear to be abundant refuges of non-Bt cotton, recessive inheritance of resistance, fitness costs associated with resistance and incomplete resistance. From 2006-2011, refuge abundance was greatly reduced in Arizona, while mass releases of sterile pink bollworm moths were made to delay resistance as part of a multi-tactic eradication program. Sustained susceptibility of pink bollworm to Bt cotton in Arizona has provided a cornerstone for the pink bollworm eradication program and for integrated pest management in cotton. Reduced insecticide use against pink bollworm and other cotton pests has yielded economic benefits for growers, as well as broad environmental and health benefits. We encourage increased efforts to combine Bt crops with other tactics in integrated pest management programs. 相似文献
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Gopalan Soman Abraham T Kallarakal Dennis Michiel Xiaoyi Yang Nirmala Saptharishi Hengguang Jiang Steve Giardina John Gilly George Mitra 《MABS-AUSTIN》2012,4(1):84-100
Ch14.18 is a mouse-human chimeric monoclonal antibody to the disialoganglioside (GD2) glycolipid. In the clinic, this antibody has been shown to be effective in the treatment of children with high-risk neuroblastoma, either alone or in combination therapy. Extensive product characterization is a prerequisite to addressing the potential issues of product variability associated with process changes and manufacturing scale-up. Charge heterogeneity, glycosylation profile, molecular state and aggregation, interaction (affinity) with Fcγ receptors and functional or biological activities are a few of the critical characterization assays for assessing product comparability for this antibody. In this article, we describe the in-house development and qualification of imaged capillary isoelectric focusing to assess charge heterogeneity, analytical size exclusion chromatography with online static and dynamic light scattering (DLS), batch mode DLS for aggregate detection, biosensor (surface plasmon resonance)-based Fcγ receptor antibody interaction kinetics, N-glycoprofiling with PNGase F digestion, 2-aminobenzoic acid labeling and high performance liquid chromatography and N-glycan analysis using capillary electrophoresis. In addition, we studied selected biological activity assays, such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The consistency and reproducibility of the assays are established by comparing the intra-day and inter-day assay results. Applications of the methodologies to address stability or changes in product characteristics are also reported. The study results reveal that the ch14.18 clinical product formulated in phosphate-buffered saline at a concentration of 5 mg/ml and stored at 2–8°C is stable for more than five years.Key words: monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antibody, characterization assays, SEC-MALS, imaged cIEF, N-glycoprofiling, N-glycan analysis, FcγRIIIA:ch14.18 interaction, surface plasmon resonance, complement-dependent cytotoxicity 相似文献
238.
The tight association between nitrogen status and pathogenesis has been broadly documented in plant-pathogen interactions. However, the interface between primary metabolism and disease responses remains largely unclear. Here, we show that knockout of a single amino acid transporter, LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER1 (LHT1), is sufficient for Arabidopsis thaliana plants to confer a broad spectrum of disease resistance in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. We found that redox fine-tuning in photosynthetic cells was causally linked to the lht1 mutant-associated phenotypes. Furthermore, the enhanced resistance in lht1 could be attributed to a specific deficiency of its main physiological substrate, Gln, and not to a general nitrogen deficiency. Thus, by enabling nitrogen metabolism to moderate the cellular redox status, a plant primary metabolite, Gln, plays a crucial role in plant disease resistance. 相似文献
239.
Sabina Kaczanowska Daniel W. Beury Vishaka Gopalan Arielle K. Tycko Haiying Qin Miranda E. Clements Justin Drake Chiadika Nwanze Meera Murgai Zachary Rae Wei Ju Katherine A. Alexander Jessica Kline Cristina F. Contreras Kristin M. Wessel Shil Patel Sridhar Hannenhalli Michael C. Kelly Rosandra N. Kaplan 《Cell》2021,184(8):2033-2052.e21
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240.