Expression of two cytochromes P450 involved in carcinogen activation in a human colon cell line

Cytochrome P450 is known to cause carcinogen activation and correspondingly increased cancer risk in animal models. In order to determine whether P450 in the colon may be involved in cancer development in the human, the human colon cell line LS174T was examined for the presence of various cytochromes P450. Two isozymes of P450 were identified in the human cell line. Expression of P450IAl or IA2 was increased by treatment of the cell line with benzanthracene; the induction was demonstrated by an increase in RNA hybridizing to a probe for P4501Al and by ethoxyresorufin deethylation activity. Western analysis of microsomes isolated from human colon tissue also demonstrated the presence of P4501A1, as well as a form which cross-reacted to an antibody to human P450IIC9. Another isozyme, P450IIE1, was identified by polymerase chain reaction amplification of RNA from LS174T cells. These results underscore the presence of cytochromes P450 in colonic tissue and provide a basis for the involvement of isozyme-specific P450 mediated reactions in carcinogenesis of the colon.Some of the data presented here were taken from a thesis submitted by D.K.H. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree in the University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.     

Properties and participation of “free” endotoxin in the toxic activity ofMorganella morganii

"Free" and "bound" Morganella morganii endotoxin was characterized by chemical (determination of proteins, saccharides and 3-deoxy-2-octulosonic acid) and immunochemical (double-diffusion test, immunoelectrophoresis, tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis) methods. Chemical analysis showed that "free" endotoxin contains more protein and phosphorus and less saccharides than bound endotoxin. Immunochemical tests revealed differences in the structure of polysaccharide portions of both endotoxins, and, on the other hand, identity of certain antigenic determinants. Free endotoxin possessed a higher biological activity.     

Effect of detergents on aspartate ammonia-lyase activity inEscherichia alcalescens

The effect of twelve detergents on aspartate ammonia-lyase activity of Escherichia alcalescens used for the production of L-aspartic acid was tested. Best permeabilization was found with Triton X-100, Slovafol 910 and Corona, a mixed commercial preparation. In contrast to Triton X-100 and Slovafol 910, a much narrower range of suitable concentrations was observed with Corona.     

Short-term inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity in rat hepatocytes incubated with ethanol

Ethanol decreased the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and the rate of fatty acid oxidation in rat hepatocytes in short-term incubations. These effects were mimicked by acetaldehyde, the product of hepatic ethanol metabolism, and were absent when ethanol oxidation was prevented by 4-methylpyrazole. Ethanol was also able to increase intracellular malonyl-CoA levels. The results suggest that inhibition of fatty acid translocation into mitochondria may play an important role in the ethanol-induced inhibition of hepatic fatty acid oxidation.     

Age-related changes in the translocation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase from the cytosol to microsomal membranes in rat liver

The effects of oleate, spermine and chlorpromazine were assayed in the presence or absence of 0.15 M KCl on the translocation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum membranes in liver homogenates obtained from rats aged 1, 30, 60, 180 and 360 days. Marked age-associated decreases in phosphatidate phosphohydrolase distribution onto the membranes were demonstrated under nearly all conditions. In liver homogenates taken from 1-day-old rats and incubated with 0.15 M KCl, most of the enzyme was active (associated with the membranes). Physiological salt concentration (0.15 M KCl) produced a 2-fold increase of oleate-induced translocation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity in liver homogenates from 1-day-old rats; it had no effect on those from 60-day-old rats, and produced a notable decline in liver homogenates obtained from 180- and 360-day-old rats. The promoting effect of spermine on oleate-induced translocation of this enzyme activity was higher in younger rats when incubated in the absence of 0.15 M KCl. Chlorpromazine did not show its usual antagonizing effect on oleate-induced translocation of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase when added to homogenates taken from 1-day-old rats. The antagonizing effect was slightly apparent in liver homogenates from 30-day-old rats and was more pronounced in those from 60-day-old rats in which the values diminished to one-half and to one-third either in the presence or absence of 0.15 M KCl.     

Maintenance of aPaecilomyces variotii culture in the frozen and Freeze-dried state and in distilled water

The highest number of viable.elements ofPaecilomyces variotii, forming colonies after a 1-year maintenance, was detected in frozen sample. Decreased viability of the frozen culture and culture maintained in distilled water was usually statistically significant after 1 year and decreased further with increasing age of the culture used for sample preparation. Freeze-drying also significantly decreased the strain viability, depending on culture age. In the freeze-dried culture stored in a refrigerator the relative number of viable elements was substantially higher than after storage at room temperature. After a 3-year storage of freeze-dried P.variotii in a refrigerator 14-44% of culture elements survived, as compared with the number detected immediately after freeze-drying.     

Benzothiazolium salts—relationships between their structure,toxicity and effect on the plastid system ofEuglena gracilis

The effects of 41 benzothiazolium salts on Euglena gracilis were characterized with regard to the influence on growth and on chlorophyll synthesis, and to their ability to induce permanent loss of chloroplasts. Some salts induced white mutants of E. gracilis (the first benzothiazole derivatives with this activity). The relationship between the biological effect and chemical structure was confirmed and expressed quantitatively by means of Free - Wilson and Fujita - Ban analysis.