Fibroblast growth factor 21 alleviates acute pancreatitis via activation of the Sirt1‐autophagy signalling pathway

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, alleviates the process of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, its mechanism remains elusive. The pathological and physiological characteristics of FGF21 are observed in both patients with AP and cerulein‐induced AP models, and the mechanisms of FGF21 in response to AP are investigated by evaluating the impact of autophagy in FGF21‐treated mice and cultured pancreatic cells. Circulating levels of FGF21 significantly increase in both AP patients and cerulein‐induced AP mice, which is accompanied by the change of pathology in pancreatic injury. Replenishment of FGF21 distinctly reverses cerulein‐induced pancreatic injury and improves cerulein‐induced autophagy damage in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, FGF21 acts on pancreatic acinar cells to up‐regulate Sirtuin‐1 (Sirt1) expression, which in turn repairs impaired autophagy and removes damaged organs. In addition, blockage of Sirt1 accelerates cerulein‐induced pancreatic injury and weakens the regulative effect in FGF21‐activated autophagy in mice. These results showed that FGF21 protects against cerulein‐induced AP by activation of Sirtuin‐1‐autophagy axis.     

乙型肝炎患者凝血功能与胱抑素C 联合检测的临床意义

目的:探讨乙型肝炎患者凝血功能与血清胱抑素C联合检测的临床诊断价值。方法:收集260例乙型肝炎患者为实验组及健康者70例为对照组,采用全自动凝血分析仪进行活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)的测定,采用全自动生化分析仪进行血清胱抑素C、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血清γ谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)的检测。结果:除急性肝炎组外,其他各组乙型肝炎患者的APTT、PT值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。重型肝炎和肝炎肝硬化组FIB值均低于对照组(P<0.05);对于血清胱抑素C水平,除急性肝炎组外,其他各组值均明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05),且肝炎肝硬化组依次高于重型肝炎组和慢性肝炎组。各实验组ALT和AST水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而对于GGT水平,重型肝炎组和肝炎肝硬化组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:联合检测APTT、PT、FIB凝血功能指标与血清胱抑素C水平,对临床判断乙型肝炎患者病变程度及预后具有重要意义。     

Membrane-bound pyrophosphatase of human gut microbe Clostridium methylpentosum confers improved salt tolerance in Escherichia coli,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and tobacco

Membrane-bound pyrophosphatases (PPases) are involved in the adaption of organisms to stress conditions, which was substantiated by numerous plant transgenic studies with H⁺-PPase yet devoid of any correlated evidences for other two subfamilies, Na⁺-PPase and Na⁺,H⁺-PPase. Herein, we demonstrate the gene cloning and functional evaluation of the membrane-bound PPase (CmPP) of the human gut microbe Clostridium methylpentosum. The CmPP gene encodes a single polypeptide of 699 amino acids that was predicted as a multi-spanning membrane and K⁺-dependent Na⁺,H⁺-PPase. Heterologous expression of CmPP could significantly enhance the salt tolerance of both Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and this effect in yeast could be fortified by N-terminal addition of a vacuole-targeting signal peptide from the H⁺-PPase of Trypanosoma cruzi. Furthermore, introduction of CmPP could remarkably improve the salt tolerance of tobacco, implying its potential use in constructing salt-resistant transgenic crops. Consequently, the possible mechanisms of CmPP to underlie salt tolerance are discussed.     

黄土高寒区典型植被类型土壤入渗特征及其影响因素

为了研究黄土高寒区典型植被在不同坡位下土壤入渗性能差异及其影响因素,采用恒定水头法测定了不同植被类型的土壤入渗过程,并分析了土壤孔隙状况、机械组成、水稳性团聚体等与渗透速率的相关性。结果表明:(1)初渗速率和稳渗速率均表现为青海云杉>祁连圆柏>华北落叶松>荒草地,且差异性显著;同一植被类型的土壤入渗速率沿坡面向下逐渐增大,但差异性不显著;(2)对不同植被类型的土壤入渗过程模拟发现Horton模型拟合效果最好,决定系数均在0.8以上,通用经验模型拟合精度较差,决定系数在0.614—0.982之间;(3)土壤入渗性能与孔隙状况、水稳性团聚体质量分数、有机质含量均有极显著相关性;>0.25 mm团聚体质量分数是影响稳渗速率的主要决策因素;总孔隙度是影响初渗速率的最主要的决策因素,而毛管孔隙度是主要的限制因子。为高寒地区土壤入渗模拟以及植被配置等提供了科学依据。     

The first synthesis of natural disulfide bruguiesulfurol and biological evaluation of its derivatives as a novel scaffold for PTP1B inhibitors

Bruguiesulfurol (1), a cyclic 4-hydroxy-dithiosulfonate isolated from mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, was concisely synthesized for the first time in four steps, and a series of its synthetic derivatives were evaluated for in vitro inhibitory effects on PTP1B and related PTPs. Some derivatives were found to have improved pharmacological profile compared with hit 1. Among them, 5a showed the potent selectivity towards PTP1B over other PTPs, including TCPTP, and 7j exhibited the strongest PTP1B inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of 4.54 μM.     

Complete genome sequence of an H10N8 avian influenza virus isolated from a live bird market in Southern China

An H10N8 avian influenza virus (AIV), designated A/Duck/Guangdong/E1/2012 (H10N8), was isolated from a duck in January 2012. This is first report that this subtype of AIV was isolated from a live bird market (LBM) in Guangdong Province in southern China. Furthermore, the complete genome of this strain was analyzed. The availability of genome sequences is helpful to further investigations of epidemiology and molecular characteristics of AIV in southern China.     

大鼠肾髓质活体微循环及观察方法

采用肾乳头暴露方法活体观察Sprague-Dawley大鼠肾髓质微循环。结果发现:正常成年大鼠肾乳头可暴露1.1±0.5mm; 乳头表面直血管数29.8±6.3;升、降支比例3.4:1。升支平均直径13.68±6.13μm,降支10.8±2.57μm。肾乳头连续暴露观察10h,其微循环未发生明显病理性改变。说明这一方法可以用于肾髓质微循环活体研究。     

中国"三江并流"纵谷地蚤类丰富度与区系沿纬度梯度的水平分布格局

为探讨横断山区蚤类物种丰富度与区系沿纬度梯度变化的基本规律以及影响它们分布的主要生态因子,作者就云南西部横断山区21o-28oN的8个纬度梯度带目前所知分布的9科45属153种(亚种)蚤类的水平分布资料进行了综合整理和统计分析。结果表明:(1)这一区域蚤类科、属、种丰富度,特有种丰富度和特有度,以及东洋界和古北界区系成分物种丰富度沿纬度梯度的变化,都呈现了随纬度增加先增高后降低的单峰分布格局,最大峰值出现在25o-27oN之间,研究认为,形成物种密度高峰的主要因素是两大区系分界线和交错区的边缘效应;(2)东洋和古北两大区系成分构成比的水平分布格局截然不同,前者随纬度的增加递减,后者则随纬度的增加呈递增的趋势,两区系成分过渡或交错区的跨度在23o-29oN之间,并在25o-27oN形成交汇和分异的中心;(3)聚类分析结果表明,横断山8个纬度梯度带的蚤类总体上归为3个主要地域区系类型,反映出纬度、地理气候环境等因素对蚤类区系及物种分布的影响,以及蚤类区系和物种组成沿纬度梯度的水平分布格局与地理和气候环境的统一性;(4)蚤类的属、种β多样性沿纬度梯度的水平分布基本呈现双峰格局,峰值反映出蚤类的组成及分布在不同纬度梯度、气候带之间的过渡与转变,说明β多样性的水平分布格局与纬度梯度的气候、环境变化程度的关系密切,以及过渡区的边缘效应对两区系物种丰富度高峰的形成具有重要影响;(5)横断山区蚤类物种丰富度与区系的水平分布与垂直分布的规律和格局基本相同,显示了具有同源性的水平地带性与垂直地带性对蚤类空间分布格局所产生的类似影响,证实了横断山区蚤类物种丰富度与区系的水平分布格局理应出现近似于它们垂直分布的一般规律与格局的推论;(6)横断山25o-27oN的区域形成了两大区系物种交汇和分异的中心,由于边缘效应和复杂的地理景观,这里蚤类科、属、种、特有种都具有较高多样性,据此作者推断,这里可能是我国横断山区多物种保存、分布和分化的核心区。