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61.
Background
Arthropods are infected by a wide diversity of maternally transmitted microbes. Some of these manipulate host reproduction to facilitate population invasion and persistence. Such parasites transmit vertically on an ecological timescale, but rare horizontal transmission events have permitted colonisation of new species. Here we report the first systematic investigation into the influence of the phylogenetic distance between arthropod species on the potential for reproductive parasite interspecific transfer. 相似文献62.
M. S. Goncharenko A. I. Tkachenko N. V. Khmil S. M. Murzaeva M. O. Korobeynikova E. I. Lezhnev O. V. Kolomytkin G. D. Mironova 《Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplemental Series A: Membrane and Cell Biology》2017,11(1):77-81
In this work, effects of manganese on respiration of rat liver mitochondria and the rate of K+ outflow from rat erythrocytes are studied in a broad range of concentrations. It is shown that manganese ions at low concentrations (1 × 10–7–3 × 10–5 М) inhibit K+ outflow from rat erythrocytes; this can be used to prevent their lysis. At high concentrations (1 × 10–4–1 × 10–3 M), manganese activates K+ outflow from the erythrocytes but inhibits the valinomycin-induced outflow of the ion from the erythrocytes. This fact is an indication of manganese influence on physicochemical properties of membranes. At low concentrations manganese does not affect parameters of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria, while at high concentrations it exerts acceleration of the mitochondrial respiration, i.e., uncouples respiration from phosphorilation and, hence, inhibits ATP synthesis. 相似文献
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K. V. Mazikin Yu. V. Ershov A. V. Goncharenko D. N. Ostrovskii 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2009,45(5):503-505
To work out a test system for studying the inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis through non-mevalonate pathway, the conversion
of 2-14C-methylerythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (
14
C-MEC) into isoprenoids of three bacteria species and into plastids of 11 higher plant species was studied. The highest efficiency
(up to 63%) of the process was observed with chromoplasts from narcissus (Narcissus pseudonarcissus L.) and celandine (Chelidonium majus L.). Twenty five percent of added 14C-MEC was recovered in an isoprenoid fraction of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) chromoplasts. Thus, these three models can be used to test antibiotic inhibitors of isoprenoid biosynthesis. 相似文献
66.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of the cell has an architectural editing function that checks whether protein structure and three-dimensional assembly have occurred properly prior to export of newly synthesized material out of the cell. If these have been faulty, the material is retained within the rER as an inclusion body. Inclusion bodies have been identified previously in chondrocytes and osteoblasts in chondrodysplasias and osteogenesis imperfecta. Inclusion bodies in intervertebral disc cells, however, have only recently been recognized. Our objectives were to use transmission electron microscopy to analyze more fully inclusion bodies in the annulus pulposus and to study the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding cells containing inclusion bodies. ECM frequently encapsulated cells with inclusion bodies, and commonly contained prominent banded aggregates of Type VI collagen. Inclusion body material had several morphologies, including relatively smooth, homogeneous material, or a rougher, less homogeneous feature. Such findings expand our knowledge of the fine structure of the human disc cell and ECM during disc degeneration, and indicate the potential utility of ultrastructural identification of discs with intracellular inclusion bodies as a screening method for molecular studies directed toward identification of defective gene products in degenerating discs. 相似文献
67.
The sand rat, a member of the gerbil family, is a valuable small animal model in which intervertebral disc degeneration occurs spontaneously as the animal ages. Radiographic features of cervical and lumbar degeneration resemble those in human spines. We conducted a retrospective analysis of spines of 140 animals 3?41 months old focusing specifically on the presence of annular tears that are not visible by radiography and have not been described previously in the sand rat disc. During degeneration of the nucleus pulposus, notochordal cell death occurs and granular material, which stains with Alcian blue for proteoglycans, accumulates. Lamellar architecture also deteriorates and annular tears occur that are morphologically similar to the concentric, radiating and transdiscal annular tears in human discs. These tears contain granular material that provides a “marker” that can be used to distinguish the annular tears from artefactual separations during sectioning. We observed lamellar degeneration and separation in the annulus fibrosus at 4 months with associated tears that contained granular material in the nucleus. Tears that contained granular material and displacement of the degenerating nucleus were common in cervical and lumbar discs of animals older than 9 months; some specimens showed tears at 4 and 5 months. With advanced degeneration, granular globules were displaced dorsally adjacent to and into the spinal cord area and also ventrally into regions where osteophytes formed. We present morphologic data that expand the utility of this rodent model of spontaneous age-related disc degeneration and provide novel information on annular tears and disc degeneration. 相似文献
68.
A study was made of generation of O2- in NADPH-dependent chain of oxidation of liver microsomes in irradiated rats (7 and 10 Gy). The rate of O2- generation sharply increased at early times after irradiation. The data obtained prompt an assumption that the increase in the rate of O2- generation is perhaps connected with the changes in functioning of both NADPH-cytochrome P-450-reductase and cytochrome P-450. 相似文献
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