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Forty-seven samples of corn were collected from various street bazaars and market outlets in different regions of Turkey and
total aflatoxin (AF) and ochratoxin A (OTA) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following
sample preparation. Levels of AF and OTA in corn samples ranged between 1.75–120.3 μg/kg and 1.08–8.57 μg/kg, respectively.
Although 53% of the samples analysed had no detectable levels of AF, 4% of similar samples were found to contain AFs above
the acceptable limit of 10 μg/kg in Turkey. For OTA, 4% of the corn samples had levels above the acceptable limit (3 μg/kg)
in Turkey, with over 43% samples not found to contain this mycotoxin. Although the levels of mycotoxins analysed in this study
were not found to be high and the percentage of samples contaminated above permitted limits were low, the importance of overall
daily dietary intake should not be underestimated and control of these fungal metabolites in corn must be explored to minimise
the hazards they may cause in humans. 相似文献
93.
The present study was carried out to assess the impact of wastewater on parsley (Petroselinum crispum). The parameters determined for soil were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic matter (SOM), nutrient elements
(Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Fe), and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb), while the parameters determined for the plant
included pigment content, dry matter, nutrient element, and heavy metals. SOM, EC, and clay contents were higher, and pH was
slightly acidic in soil treated with wastewater compared to control soil. The enrichment factors (EF) of the nutrient elements
in contaminated soil are in the sequence of Na (2) > Ca (1.32) > Mn = Mg (1.17) > Cu (1.11) > Zn (1.08) > Fe (1.07) > K (0.93),
while EF in parsley are Na (6.63) > Ca (1.60) > Mg (1.34) > Zn (1.15) > Fe (0.95) > Cu = K (0.90) > Mn (0.85). Application
of wastewater significantly decreased dry matter, while photosynthetic pigment content increased in parsley. The enrichment
of the heavy metals is in the sequence: Cd (1.142) > Pb (1.131) > Ni (1.112) > Cr (1.095). P. crispum shows a high transfer factor (TF > 1) for Cd signifying a high mobility of Cd from soil to plant. Thus, although the wastewater
irrigation in parsley production aims to produce socioeconomic benefits, study results indicated that municipal wastewater
is not suitable for irrigation of parsley because it has negative effects on plant and causes heavy metal accumulation. 相似文献
94.
Kemal?O. Yariz Duygu Duman Celia?Zazo Seco Julia Dallman Mingqian Huang Theo?A. Peters Asli Sirmaci Na Lu Margit Schraders Isaac Skromne Jaap Oostrik Oscar Diaz-Horta Juan?I. Young Suna Tokgoz-Yilmaz Ozlem Konukseven Hashem Shahin Lisette Hetterschijt Moien Kanaan Anne?M.M. Oonk Yvonne?J.K. Edwards Huawei Li Semra Atalay Susan Blanton Alexandra?A. DeSmidt Xue-Zhong Liu Ronald?J.E. Pennings Zhongmin Lu Zheng-Yi Chen Hannie Kremer Mustafa Tekin 《American journal of human genetics》2012,91(5):872-882
95.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the sputum smear cytology and cell block methods for specimen adequacy, cytology quality and diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of lung cancer. STUDY DESIGN: We assessed 2,524 sputum specimens from 768 patients. The specimens were prepared as smears and cell blocks for cytopathologic examination between March 1, 1992, and December 31, 1998. The smear and cell block slides were evaluated both separately and together, and the results were compared with radiologic and histopathologic diagnoses. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the smear method was 69.4% and specificity was 99.5%. The sensitivity of the cell block method was 84.4% and specificity, 100%. The sensitivity of the smear and cell block together was 87.6% and specificity, 99.5%. CONCLUSION: The cell block method increases the sensitivity and specificity of sputum cytology, and when smear and cell block slides are evaluated together, sensitivity reaches its highest value. Therefore, application of smear and cell block methods together seems most useful in the diagnosis of lung cancer. 相似文献
96.
1,2:4,5-Di-O-isopropylidene-3-C-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-beta-D-psicopyranose 14 was synthesized stereoselectively from 1,2:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-3-C-amidoximino-3-O-benzoyl-beta-D-psicopyranose 8 using a novel procedure. Treatment of 8 with acetic anhydride, chloroacetyl chloride, propanic anhydride, or benzoyl chloride causes the 3-O-benzoyl group to undergo an intramolecular replacement reaction with neighboring group participation and transfer resulting in a more stable conjugation system of the 1,2,4-oxadiazol ring. A possible mechanism, as well as structural analysis and bioactivity are described. 相似文献
97.
Gonca S Filiz S Dalçik C Yardimoğlu M Dalçik H Yazir Y Erden BF 《Cell biology international》2005,29(2):169-172
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is used as a marker of astrocyte response to various central nervous system injuries. In the present study, the effects of chronic ethanol administration on GFAP immunoreactivity were evaluated in astrocytes of the adult optic nerve head. The results demonstrated that ethanol exposure significantly and dramatically increases GFAP immunoreactivity and the number of immunoreactive astrocytes (p<0.001). In addition, GFAP immunoreactive cells in the optic nerve showed extensive hypertrophy (p<0.001). 相似文献
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Gönül Şahin A. Aydin A. Işimer I. Özalp Suna Duru 《Biological trace element research》1995,50(1):87-96
In the past few years, there has been an upsurge of interest in aluminum (Al) and human health. The well-recognized manifestations
of systemic Al toxicity include fracturing osteomalacia, dialysis encephalopathy, and microcytic hypochromic anemia. The role
of Al in causing childhood diseases is also becoming clearer, but the safe plasma level still remains to be determined in
newborns, especially in premature newborns, implying that it should be kept low. Premature infants receiving iv fluid therapy
show evidence of Al loading. Additionally, the infant-feeding mixtures, especially the soy-based infant formulas, tested may
be a significant additional source of Al in the diet of infants with low birthweights, and in infants and in young children
with impaired renal function. Careful clinical and biochemical monitoring is warranted to determine whether it will be necessary
to eliminate Al contamination of both oral and parenteral preparations used in infants and children who may be at risk for
Al intoxication. In this present study, the Al content of infant feeds was measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry,
and also compared with those of breast milk, cow’s milk, milk powder, and some starches that are commonly used for preparation
of infant feed in Turkey. Our results show that Al content of commercially available powdered infant formulas, most of which
are imported from Europe, ranged from 1.211 to 10.925 μg/g. The mean value was higher than that of breast milk. It was also
found that the Al content of cow’s milk in various containers was higher than that of breast milk. The highest Al level among
cow’s milk samples was in the aluminized carton box.
In the other products tested, such as milk powder, the starches contained Al at various levels. Among these, milk powder and
rice flour contained a high level of Al. 相似文献
100.
The mechanisms of aluminum (Al) neurotoxicity is of increasing interest. Al compounds are known to produce neurological and
behavioral abnormalities in some mammalian species. The present study was designed to determine the effects of Al chloride
on the skilled motor performance in mice on the rota-rod treadmill. Al chloride, depending on the duration of treatment, produced
an impairment of the motor coordination ability in mice. 相似文献