消炎痛及PGF_(2α)对在体培养人子宫内膜出血的影响

利用甾体激素撤退方法造成移植在地鼠颊囊内人子宫内膜出血的动物模型,研究消炎痛和PGF_(2a)对内膜出血的作用。结果表明,注射三种不同剂量消炎痛并不能完全抑制内膜出血,但对内膜出血时间有延缓作用。用两种不同剂量的PGF_(2a)采取缓慢释放给药方法,虽然地鼠在给药后外周血液中PGF_(2a)水平比给药前显著增高,但内膜出血并不出现在撤退甾体激素之前。结果提示,PGF_(2a)对内膜血管破裂无直接作用,而纤溶活性变化可能是触子宫内膜出血更直接的原因。     

Interaction forces between red cells agglutinated by antibody. III. Micromanipulation.

In the flow studies described in two previous papers (Tha, S. P., and H. L. Goldsmith, 1986, Biophys. J. 50:1109-1116; Tha, S. P., J. Shuster, and H. L. Goldsmith, 1986, Biophys. J. 50:1117-1126), hydrodynamic forces of the order of 10(-11) N (mu dyn) were applied to measure the force of separation of doublets of hardened, sphered human red blood cells cross-linked by anti-B antibody. The same cell preparation and hyperimmune antiserum has here been used to carry out experiments with micropipet aspiration techniques. One cell of a doublet was aspirated onto a holding pipet, and a second aspiration pipet was brought into proximity of the other cell so that the two pipets and the doublet were colinear. Suction was then raised until the two cells separated. Some doublets were assembled by aspiration of a singlet, bringing a second singlet into apposition with the first, and releasing it from the pipet which was then withdrawn. Cells could be repeatedly assembled and separated. At 3.56% vol/vol antiserum, the mean normal force of separation was 0.45 +/- 0.11 nN in phosphate-buffered saline suspensions containing 2.5 x 10(4) cells/microliter; at 1.22% vol/vol antiserum, the value was 0.22 +/- 0.11 nN. The above values of the force were approximately 2.5 x greater than those from the flow studies. The data could be fitted to a Poisson distribution with 0.05 nN as the force needed to break a single cross-bridge (c.f. 0.024 nN from the previous hydrodynamic data). The forces of separation of randomly assembled doublets were lower than those of preexisting doublets. Repeated assembly and separation of doublets showed that the cell surfaces are nonuniform in adhesion strength both over the local scale less than 0.25 micron2 and the cell population.     

蟾蜍卵母细胞的Na~+/H~+交换

应用pH选择性徽电极和普通檄电极测量了蟾蜍卵母细胞内的pH值(pHi)。当用含NH_4~+而不含HCO_3~-的溶液培灌卵母细胞时,pHi逐渐下降,在停止培灌后,pHi恢复到对照值。这个pHi恢复过程是一个H~+的主动转运,用胆碱离子取代培灌液中的Na~+可以抑制pHi的恢复,这种抑制作用是可逆的。伴随着细胞内pH值的恢复,细胞内Na~+活度(Na_1~+)呈现暂时性增加,而细胞内Cl-活度(Cl_1~+)不变或稍有增加。实验结果提示在蟾蜍卵母细胞膜上存在着Na~+/H~+的交换。     

The direct effects of interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, B-cell growth factor, and a B-cell differentiation factor on resting and activated human B cells

A wide variety of cytokines have been demonstrated to affect B-cell function. However, it is unclear which of these mediators actually exert direct effects on the B cells themselves. In the present study, the direct role of interleukin (IL) 1, IL-2, Interferon-gamma, or Interferon-alpha in human B-cell activation, proliferation, or differentiation was examined and compared with the effects of a B-cell growth factor (BCGF) or a B-cell differentiation factor (BCDF). Highly purified human B lymphocytes were separated according to size into two nonoverlapping populations. The fraction of small B cells was incubated with IL-1, IL-2, Interferon-gamma, Interferon-alpha, BCGF, or BCDF, and cell size changes, RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis, or supernatant immunoglobulin (Ig) production were measured. Neither IL-1, IL-2, Interferon-alpha, Interferon-gamma, nor the BCGF induced substantial cell size changes, RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis, or Ig production by the small fraction of B lymphocytes; however, the BCDF could directly activate a proportion of resting B lymphocytes to secrete Ig. The fraction of large B cells was also incubated with these cytokines. While neither IL-1, Interferon-alpha, nor Interferon-gamma enhanced DNA synthesis or Ig production by the fraction of large B lymphocytes, DNA synthesis was augmented 23-fold by BCGF and IgG production was increased 7-fold by BCDF. Additionally, IL-2 slightly enhanced both proliferation and differentiation of large B cells but substantially less so than BCGF and BCDF; DNA synthesis was increased 4-fold, while Ig production in the presence of IL-2 was increased by approximately 50%. Thus, the most important lymphokines modulating the function of these two fractions of tonsillar lymphocytes were a BCGF and a BCDF.     

Thyroidectomy results in termination of photorefractoriness in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) kept in long daylengths

Four groups of 10 male starlings were transferred from short daylengths (8 h light/day) to long daylengths (18 h light/day), which caused the tests to develop rapidly to maximum size and then to decrease to minimal size as birds became photorefractory. Birds were surgically thyroidectomized at 8, 16 or 28 weeks. A fourth group was left intact. Testicular volume and plasma FSH and prolactin concentrations were measured. After 42 weeks all birds were castrated and plasma FSH was measured during the next 6 weeks. Testicular growth began in all thyroidectomized birds between 4 and 8 weeks after thyroidectomy. By 42 weeks, the testes of all thyroidectomized birds were large, whereas those of intact birds were still of minimal size. Plasma FSH concentrations remained low in all birds and plasma prolactin values, originally elevated by long daylengths, decreased at a similar rate in thyroidectomized and intact birds. After castration at 42 weeks, plasma FSH values increased rapidly in all thyroidectomized birds but remained low in non-thyroidectomized birds. The results demonstrate that thyroidectomy of photorefractory starlings does not induce immediate testicular growth but may initiate a process which eventually terminates photorefractoriness in a way similar to that caused by return to short daylengths.     

MSI2通过下调circRNA_001214促进急性髓系白血病细胞HL60生长

Musashi-2（MSI2）是一种RNA结合蛋白质,对维持造血干细胞功能具有重要作用。研究表明,MSI2高表达能促进急性髓系白血病（acute myelocytic leukemia, AML）进展,但其作用机制尚不明确。本研究稳定沉默HL60细胞MSI2后,第1、2、3、4 d对照组的相对细胞生长率分别为1.931 ± 0.027、3.070 ± 0.073、4.017 ± 0.092和4.215 ± 0.246;敲减组分别为1.927 ± 0.035、2.564 ± 0.090、2.825 ± 0.097和3.223 ± 0.182,两组相比具有统计学差异,P<0.001;细胞凋亡明显增加(7.967% ± 0.698% vs 3.400% ± 0.322%., P<0.01);G₀/G₁期细胞比例明显增高（67.430% ± 4.390% vs. 50.360% ± 2.160%, P<0.01）;NUMB蛋白明显上调,LEF1明显下降。环状RNA（circular RNA, circRNA）芯片筛选和荧光定量PCR验证显示,MSI2沉默组circRNA_001214表达水平是对照组3.48倍。这一结果也在NALM6细胞得到证实。进一步用生物信息学分析,显示circRNA_001214最可能与miR-1273a、miR-1273e和miR 5095结合,进而影响参与细胞凋亡相关基因（CYCS、AKT1、BAX、TNFRSF10A、TNFRSF10D）、Wnt信号基因（WNT4、WNT2B、WNT7B、 DKK2、SFRP1、CSNKE1和LEF1）以及参与细胞代谢相关基因（RPE, PGAM4, PGAM1, TAT, CBS、RPE、SUCLG2、PGAM4、PGAM1和 IDNK）。总而言之,MSI2可能通过干扰circRNA_001214生成,减少靶miRNA对凋亡、Wnt信号及细胞代谢相关基因表达的影响,促进细胞生长。     

酪氨酸对大鼠离体Leydig细胞睾酮和cAMP生成的影响

本实验采用胶原酶消化,Ficoll 密度梯度离心,制备大鼠睾丸 Leydig 细胞悬浮液进行体外培养(每管内含有10~6 细胞),以研究酪氨酸对 Leydig 细胞睾酮和cAMP 生成的影响。实验结果表明,hCG(100mIU)能明显地促进Leydig 细胞睾酮和 cAMP的生成。睾酮从对照组的3.08±0.58ng(X±SD,下同)增加到41.61±1.52ng,cAMP 含量从19.62±2.56pmol增加到153.24±5.92pmol。若将酪氨酸(60μg)与hCG同时加入到细胞培养液中,则睾酮和cAMP 含量分别下降到 19.22±.0.52ng(P<0.01)和92.63±6.02pmol(P<0.05)。但是,酪氨酸羟化酶抑制剂(α-甲基酪氨酸)对酪氨酸抗hCG致睾酮生成作用无阻断效应,而酪氨酸对外源cAMP(2.5mM)诱导的睾酮生成,则有明显的抑制作用,睾酮含量从27.56±1.53ng降至 19.50±0.47ng(P<0.01)。以上实验结果表明,酪氨酸抗hCG致睾酮生成的作用机理与cAMP有关。     

云南叶螨属一新种(蜱螨目:叶螨科)

在鉴定云南叶螨标本时,发现叶螨属一新种,现记述如下。模式标本保存于上海农学院。本文量度单位均为微米。 食禾叶螨Tetranychus graminivorus新种(图1—14) 雌螨 体长(包括喙)454,宽298。椭圆形。浅黄绿色。须肢端感器圆柱形,长6.8,     

Respiratory function of children in homes insulated with urea formaldehyde foam insulation.

A study was carried out to assess the respiratory function of children living in homes insulated with urea formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI). A large data base on the effect of environmental variables on the respiratory function of 3500 children in the Hamilton, Ont., area had been collected from 1978 to 1980. From this data base 29 children who lived in UFFI-insulated homes were identified, and each was matched with 2 controls according to nine variables that had been shown to be strongly predictive of respiratory function. Reported respiratory symptoms and results of pulmonary function testing in the year immediately following installation of UFFI were examined. No significant differences in any variable were found between the subjects and controls. A power calculation indicated that the study had adequate power to detect clinically important changes. The authors conclude that there was no evidence of respiratory problems resulting from UFFI in the sample studied.