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21.
Background
OMA is a project that aims to identify orthologs within publicly available, complete genomes. With 657 genomes analyzed to date, OMA is one of the largest projects of its kind. 相似文献22.
23.
Diana O Rios‐Szwed Hironori Suzuki Andreas Kniss Frank Löhr Soichi Wakatsuki Volker Dötsch Ivan Dikic Renwick CJ Dobson David G McEwan 《EMBO reports》2017,18(8):1382-1396
Through the canonical LC3 interaction motif (LIR), [W/F/Y]‐X1‐X2‐[I/L/V], protein complexes are recruited to autophagosomes to perform their functions as either autophagy adaptors or receptors. How these adaptors/receptors selectively interact with either LC3 or GABARAP families remains unclear. Herein, we determine the range of selectivity of 30 known core LIR motifs towards individual LC3s and GABARAPs. From these, we define a I nteraction 相似文献
24.
In 2003, the invasive fruit fly Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White (Diptera: Tephritidae) (Drew et al. 2005), of possible Sri Lankan origin, has been detected in the East and about 1 yr later in West Africa. In regular surveys in Benin and Cameroon covering 4 yr, samples from 117 plant species across 43 families have been obtained. Incubation of field-collected fruits demonstrate that in West and Central Africa (WCA) B. invadens is highly polyphagous, infesting wild and cultivated fruits of at least 46 species from 23 plant families with guava (Psidium spp.), mango (Mangifera spp.), and citrus (spp.), and the wild hosts tropical almond (Terminalia catappa L.), African wild mango (Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte) Baill.), and sheanut (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn.) showing the highest infestation index. B. invadens occurs in 22 countries of WCA with new records for Angola, Central African Republic, the Congo, DR Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Sierra Leone. Overall, the pest has spread across a North-South distance of ?5,000 km representing a contiguous area of >8.3 million km(2) within WCA. B. invadens has adapted to a wide range of ecological and climatic conditions extending from low land rainforest to dry savanna. Because of its highly destructive and invasive potential, B. invadens poses a serious threat to horticulture in Africa if left uncontrolled. Moreover, the presence of this quarantine pest causes considerable restrictions on international trade of affected crops. 相似文献
25.
CJ Cooksey 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2014,89(5):384-387
The history, origin, identity, chemistry and uses of Congo red are described. Originally patented in 1884, Congo red soon found applications in dyeing cotton, as a pH indicator for chemists and as a biological stain. Unlike the majority of the 19th century synthetic dyes, it still is available commercially. 相似文献
26.
The results described in the accompanying article support the model in
which glucosylphosphoryldolichol (Glc-P-Dol) is synthesized on the
cytoplasmic face of the ER, and functions as a glucosyl donor for three
Glc-P-Dol:Glc0-2Man9-GlcNAc2-P-P-Dol glucosyltransferases (GlcTases) in the
lumenal compartment. In this study, the enzymatic synthesis and structural
characterization by NMR and electrospray-ionization tandem mass
spectrometry of a series of water-soluble beta-Glc-P-Dol analogs containing
2-4 isoprene units with either the cis - or trans - stereoconfiguration in
the beta-position are described. The water- soluble analogs were (1) used
to examine the stereospecificity of the Glc-P-Dol:Glc0-2Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-Dol
glucosyltransferases (GlcTases) and (2) tested as potential substrates for
a membrane protein(s) mediating the transbilayer movement of Glc-P-Dol in
sealed ER vesicles from rat liver and pig brain. The Glc-P-Dol-mediated
GlcTases in pig brain microsomes utilized [3H]Glc-labeled Glc-P-Dol10,
Glc-P-(omega, c )Dol15, Glc-P(omega, t,t )Dol20, and Glc-P-(omega, t,c
)Dol20as glucosyl donors with [3H]Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-Dol the major product
labeled in vitro. A preference was exhibited for C15-20 substrates
containing an internal cis -isoprene unit in the beta-position. In
addition, the water-soluble analog, Glc-P-Dol10, was shown to enter the
lumenal compartment of sealed microsomal vesicles from rat liver and pig
brain via a protein-mediated transport system enriched in the ER. The
properties of the ER transport system have been characterized. Glc-
P-Dol10was not transported into or adsorbed by synthetic PC-liposomes or
bovine erythrocytes. The results of these studies indicate that (1) the
internal cis -isoprene units are important for the utilization of Glc-P-Dol
as a glucosyl donor and (2) the transport of the water- soluble analog may
provide an experimental approach to assay the hypothetical "flippase"
proposed to mediate the transbilayer movement of Glc-P-Dol from the
cytoplasmic face of the ER to the lumenal monolayer.
相似文献
27.
CJ Cooksey 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2017,92(7):506-512
Adolf Baeyer announced the discovery of fluorescein in 1871 and named it after its most striking property, i.e., fluorescence. I describe here the synthesis of fluorescein. There are seven molecular species in both the solid state or in solution. I also summarize some of the diverse applications of the dye, both medical and nonmedical, which depend mostly on the facile detection of fluorescein at low concentration. Both animal and human toxicity are examined. 相似文献
28.
CJ Cooksey 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2014,89(2):111-113
The history, origin, identity, chemistry and use of Evans blue dye are described along with the first application to staining by Herbert McLean Evans in 1914. In the 1930s, the dye was marketed under the name, Evans blue dye, which was profoundly more acceptable than the ponderous chemical name. 相似文献
29.
Genotype and attachment technique influence the growth and survival of line nursery corals
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The Caribbean staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, was once a dominant habitat creating coral, but its populations have declined dramatically in recent decades. Numerous restoration efforts now utilize coral gardening techniques to cultivate this species, growing colonies on fixed structures or from line/suspended nurseries. Line nurseries have become increasingly popular because of their small footprint and ease of use, replacing fixed structures in many nurseries. To evaluate the efficacy of the line technique, this study evaluated growth, condition, and survivorship of A. cervicornis nursery colonies of three distinct genotypes grown via two line nursery techniques (suspended and direct line attachment [vertical]). Direct line attachment of nursery colonies resulted in poor survival (43%) and growth (9.5 ± 1.33 cm/year), whereas suspended culture had 100% survival and increased growth (61.1 ± 4.19 cm/year). Suspended culture had significantly reduced disease prevalence and prevented colony predation. Suspended coral growth was also comparable to a neighboring fixed structure nursery (55.2 ± 7.86 cm/year), and found to be as effective in propagating corals as fixed structures. 相似文献
30.
ALS/FTD‐associated FUS activates GSK‐3β to disrupt the VAPB–PTPIP51 interaction and ER–mitochondria associations
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Patricia Gomez‐Suaga Jacqueline C Mitchell Dawn HW Lau Emma H Gray Rosa M Sancho Gema Vizcay‐Barrena Kurt J De Vos Christopher E Shaw Diane P Hanger Wendy Noble Christopher CJ Miller 《EMBO reports》2016,17(9):1326-1342
Defective FUS metabolism is strongly associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD), but the mechanisms linking FUS to disease are not properly understood. However, many of the functions disrupted in ALS/FTD are regulated by signalling between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. This signalling is facilitated by close physical associations between the two organelles that are mediated by binding of the integral ER protein VAPB to the outer mitochondrial membrane protein PTPIP51, which act as molecular scaffolds to tether the two organelles. Here, we show that FUS disrupts the VAPB–PTPIP51 interaction and ER–mitochondria associations. These disruptions are accompanied by perturbation of Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria following its release from ER stores, which is a physiological read‐out of ER–mitochondria contacts. We also demonstrate that mitochondrial ATP production is impaired in FUS‐expressing cells; mitochondrial ATP production is linked to Ca2+ levels. Finally, we demonstrate that the FUS‐induced reductions to ER–mitochondria associations and are linked to activation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), a kinase already strongly associated with ALS/FTD. 相似文献