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211.
ICa-gated Ca2+ release (CICR) from the cardiac SR is the main mechanism mediating the rise of cytosolic Ca2+, but the extent to which mitochondria contribute to the overall Ca2+ signaling remains controversial. To examine the possible role of mitochondria in Ca2+ signaling, we developed a low affinity mitochondrial Ca2+ probe, mitycam-E31Q (300–500 MOI, 48–72 h) and used it in conjunction with Fura-2AM to obtain simultaneous TIRF images of mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca2+ in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Mitycam-E31Q staining of adult feline cardiomyocytes showed the typical mitochondrial longitudinal fluorescent bandings similar to that of TMRE staining, while neonatal rat cardiomyocytes had a disorganized tubular or punctuate appearance. Caffeine puffs produced rapid increases in cytosolic Ca2+ while simultaneously measured global mitycam-E31Q signals decreased more slowly (increased mitochondrial Ca2+) before decaying to baseline levels. Similar, but oscillating mitycam-E31Q signals were seen in spontaneously pacing cells. Withdrawal of Na+ increased global cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ signals in one population of mitochondria, but unexpectedly decreased it (release of Ca2+) in another mitochondrial population. Such mitochondrial Ca2+ release signals were seen not only during long lasting Na+ withdrawal, but also when Ca2+ loaded cells were exposed to caffeine-puffs, and during spontaneous rhythmic beating. Thus, mitochondrial Ca2+ transients appear to activate with a delay following the cytosolic rise of Ca2+ and show diversity in subpopulations of mitochondria that could contribute to the plasticity of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling. 相似文献
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Anne Berit Johnsen Natale P. L. Rolim Tomas St?len Marcia Alves Mirta M. L. Sousa Geir Slupphaug Steven L. Britton Lauren G. Koch Godfrey L. Smith Ulrik Wisl?ff Morten A. H?ydal 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Background
Although high aerobic capacity is associated with effective cardiac function, the effect of aerobic capacity on atrial function, especially in terms of cellular mechanisms, is not known. We aimed to investigate whether rats with low inborn maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) had impaired atrial myocyte contractile function when compared to rats with high inborn VO2 max.Methods and Results
Atrial myocyte function was depressed in Low Capacity Runners (LCR) relative to High Capacity Runners (HCR) which was associated with impaired Ca2+ handling. Fractional shortening was 52% lower at 2 Hz and 60% lower at 5 Hz stimulation while time to 50% relengthening was 43% prolonged and 55% prolonged, respectively. Differences in Ca2+ amplitude and diastolic Ca2+ level were observed at 5 Hz stimulation where Ca2+ amplitude was 70% lower and diastolic Ca2+ level was 11% higher in LCR rats. Prolonged time to 50% Ca2+ decay was associated with reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase function in LCR (39%). Na+/Ca2+ exchanger activity was comparable between the groups. Diastolic SR Ca2+ leak was increased by 109%. This could be partly explained by increased ryanodine receptors phosphorylation at the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II specific Ser-2814 site in LCR rats. T-tubules were present in 68% of HCR cells whereas only 33% LCR cells had these structures. In HCR, the significantly higher numbers of cells with T-tubules were combined with greater numbers of myocytes where Ca2+ release in the cell occurred simultaneously in central and peripheral regions, giving rise to faster and more spatial homogenous Ca2+-signal onset.Conclusion
This data demonstrates that contrasting for low or high aerobic capacity leads to diverse functional and structural remodelling of atrial myocytes, with impaired contractile function in LCR compared to HCR rats. 相似文献213.
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Myles RC Bernus O Burton FL Cobbe SM Smith GL 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2010,299(6):H1812-H1822
Although transmural heterogeneity of action potential duration (APD) is established in single cells isolated from different tissue layers, the extent to which it produces transmural gradients of repolarization in electrotonically coupled ventricular myocardium remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contribution of intrinsic cellular gradients of APD and electrotonic influences to transmural repolarization in rabbit ventricular myocardium. Transmural optical mapping was performed in left ventricular wedge preparations from eight rabbits. Transmural patterns of activation, repolarization, and APD were recorded during endocardial and epicardial stimulation. Experimental results were compared with modeled data during variations in electrotonic coupling. A transmural gradient of APD was evident during endocardial stimulation, which reflected differences previously seen in isolated cells, with the longest APD at the endocardium and the shortest at the epicardium (endo: 165 ± 5 vs. epi: 147 ± 4 ms; P < 0.05). During epicardial stimulation, this gradient reversed (epi: 162 ± 4 vs. endo: 148 ± 6 ms; P < 0.05). In both activation sequences, transmural repolarization followed activation and APD shortened along the activation path such that significant transmural gradients of repolarization did not occur. This correlation between transmural activation time and APD was recapitulated in simulations and varied with changes in intercellular coupling, confirming that it is mediated by electrotonic current flow between cells. These data suggest that electrotonic influences are important in determining the transmural repolarization sequence in rabbit ventricular myocardium and that they are sufficient to overcome intrinsic differences in the electrophysiological properties of the cells across the ventricular wall. 相似文献