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21.
Summary Imaginal discs and larval brains of wildtype andlethal (3) giant larvae ofDrosophila hydei were transplanted into adult foreign hosts and examined after about 2 weeks. The transplants behaved very differently in different host species, viz. 6 species ofDrosophila, 5 other species of Diptera, and 3 species belonging to the Coleoptera or Dictyoptera, whereby the degree of incompatibility was more or less correlated with taxonomic distances. One notable exception was found in the cheese skipper,Piophila casei, an entirely compatible host. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Das in der vorliegenden Arbeit mitgeteilte Tatsachenmaterial stützt sich auf eine Sammelreise, die von den Verfassern in der Zeit vom 28. August bis 8. Oktober 1950 durchgeführt wurde. Es war unser Ziel, einen Überblick über dieDrosophila-Fauna von Südwesteuropa zu gewinnen und die Ergebnisse zu vergleichen mit dem Artenbestand, der vonBurla (1951) für die Schweiz festgestellt ist. Es wurden total 20 636 Imagines der GattungDrosophila gefangen; sie verteilen sich auf 27 Spezies. Es wurde fast nur in Wildbiotopen gesammelt. Eine Reihe von Beobachtungen zur Biologie der verschiedenen Arten sind im allgemeinen Teil (I) mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Der II. Teil der Arbeit bringt eine Charakterisierung der Fangplätze und ihrer Sammelerträge in den verschiedenen Klima- und Vegetationszonen des bereisten Gebietes. Im speziellen III. Teil wird die Verbreitung jeder einzelnen Art angegeben und mit dem Vorkommen in der Schweiz und in andern Gebieten Europas verglichen.Mit 26 Textabbildungen.Ausgeführt mit Unterstützung der Georges und Antoine Claraz-Schenkung. 相似文献
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Mutual information without the influence of phylogeny or entropy dramatically improves residue contact prediction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
MOTIVATION: Compensating alterations during the evolution of protein families give rise to coevolving positions that contain important structural and functional information. However, a high background composed of random noise and phylogenetic components interferes with the identification of coevolving positions. RESULTS: We have developed a rapid, simple and general method based on information theory that accurately estimates the level of background mutual information for each pair of positions in a given protein family. Removal of this background results in a metric, MIp, that correctly identifies substantially more coevolving positions in protein families than any existing method. A significant fraction of these positions coevolve strongly with one or only a few positions. The vast majority of such position pairs are in contact in representative structures. The identification of strongly coevolving position pairs can be used to impose significant structural limitations and should be an important additional constraint for ab initio protein folding. AVAILABILITY: Alignments and program files can be found in the Supplementary Information. 相似文献
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Piya Lahiry Jian Wang John F. Robinson Jacob P. Turowec David W. Litchfield Matthew B. Lanktree Gregory B. Gloor Erik G. Puffenberger Kevin A. Strauss Mildred B. Martens David A. Ramsay C. Anthony Rupar Victoria Siu Robert A. Hegele 《American journal of human genetics》2009,84(2):134-147
Six infants in an Old Order Amish pedigree were observed to be affected with endocrine-cerebro-osteodysplasia (ECO). ECO is a previously unidentified neonatal lethal recessive disorder with multiple anomalies involving the endocrine, cerebral, and skeletal systems. Autozygosity mapping and sequencing identified a previously unknown missense mutation, R272Q, in ICK, encoding intestinal cell kinase (ICK). Our results established that R272 is conserved across species and among ethnicities, and three-dimensional analysis of the protein structure suggests protein instability due to the R272Q mutation. We also demonstrate that the R272Q mutant fails to localize at the nucleus and has diminished kinase activity. These findings suggest that ICK plays a key role in the development of multiple organ systems. 相似文献
27.
Ruben Hummelen Andrew D. Fernandes Jean M. Macklaim Russell J. Dickson John Changalucha Gregory B. Gloor Gregor Reid 《PloS one》2010,5(8)
Background
Women living with HIV and co-infected with bacterial vaginosis (BV) are at higher risk for transmitting HIV to a partner or newborn. It is poorly understood which bacterial communities constitute BV or the normal vaginal microbiota among this population and how the microbiota associated with BV responds to antibiotic treatment.Methods and Findings
The vaginal microbiota of 132 HIV positive Tanzanian women, including 39 who received metronidazole treatment for BV, were profiled using Illumina to sequence the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Of note, Gardnerella vaginalis and Lactobacillus iners were detected in each sample constituting core members of the vaginal microbiota. Eight major clusters were detected with relatively uniform microbiota compositions. Two clusters dominated by L. iners or L. crispatus were strongly associated with a normal microbiota. The L. crispatus dominated microbiota were associated with low pH, but when L. crispatus was not present, a large fraction of L. iners was required to predict a low pH. Four clusters were strongly associated with BV, and were dominated by Prevotella bivia, Lachnospiraceae, or a mixture of different species. Metronidazole treatment reduced the microbial diversity and perturbed the BV-associated microbiota, but rarely resulted in the establishment of a lactobacilli-dominated microbiota.Conclusions
Illumina based microbial profiling enabled high though-put analyses of microbial samples at a high phylogenetic resolution. The vaginal microbiota among women living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa constitutes several profiles associated with a normal microbiota or BV. Recurrence of BV frequently constitutes a different BV-associated profile than before antibiotic treatment. 相似文献28.
Gloor GB Hummelen R Macklaim JM Dickson RJ Fernandes AD MacPhee R Reid G 《PloS one》2010,5(10):e15406
We developed a low-cost, high-throughput microbiome profiling method that uses combinatorial sequence tags attached to PCR primers that amplify the rRNA V6 region. Amplified PCR products are sequenced using an Illumina paired-end protocol to generate millions of overlapping reads. Combinatorial sequence tagging can be used to examine hundreds of samples with far fewer primers than is required when sequence tags are incorporated at only a single end. The number of reads generated permitted saturating or near-saturating analysis of samples of the vaginal microbiome. The large number of reads allowed an in-depth analysis of errors, and we found that PCR-induced errors composed the vast majority of non-organism derived species variants, an observation that has significant implications for sequence clustering of similar high-throughput data. We show that the short reads are sufficient to assign organisms to the genus or species level in most cases. We suggest that this method will be useful for the deep sequencing of any short nucleotide region that is taxonomically informative; these include the V3, V5 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes and the eukaryotic V9 region that is gaining popularity for sampling protist diversity. 相似文献
29.
Jingyu Diao Rie Komura Tatsuya Sano Homer Pantua Kelly M. Storek Hiroko Inaba Haruhiko Ogawa Cameron L. Noland Yutian Peng Susan L. Gloor Donghong Yan Jing Kang Anand Kumar Katakam Michael Volny Peter Liu Nicholas N. Nickerson Wendy Sandoval Cary D. Austin Jeremy Murray Steven T. Rutherford Mike Reichelt Yiming Xu Min Xu Hayato Yanagida Junichi Nishikawa Patrick C. Reid Christian N. Cunningham Sharookh B. Kapadia 《Journal of bacteriology》2021,203(13)
30.
Camilla Urbaniak Joanne Cummins Muriel Brackstone Jean M. Macklaim Gregory B. Gloor Chwanrow K. Baban Leslie Scott Deidre M. O'Hanlon Jeremy P. Burton Kevin P. Francis Mark Tangney Gregor Reid 《Applied and environmental microbiology》2014,80(10):3007-3014
In recent years, a greater appreciation for the microbes inhabiting human body sites has emerged. In the female mammary gland, milk has been shown to contain bacterial species, ostensibly reaching the ducts from the skin. We decided to investigate whether there is a microbiome within the mammary tissue. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and culture, we analyzed breast tissue from 81 women with and without cancer in Canada and Ireland. A diverse population of bacteria was detected within tissue collected from sites all around the breast in women aged 18 to 90, not all of whom had a history of lactation. The principal phylum was Proteobacteria. The most abundant taxa in the Canadian samples were Bacillus (11.4%), Acinetobacter (10.0%), Enterobacteriaceae (8.3%), Pseudomonas (6.5%), Staphylococcus (6.5%), Propionibacterium (5.8%), Comamonadaceae (5.7%), Gammaproteobacteria (5.0%), and Prevotella (5.0%). In the Irish samples the most abundant taxa were Enterobacteriaceae (30.8%), Staphylococcus (12.7%),
Listeria welshimeri (12.1%), Propionibacterium (10.1%), and Pseudomonas (5.3%). None of the subjects had signs or symptoms of infection, but the presence of viable bacteria was confirmed in some samples by culture. The extent to which these organisms play a role in health or disease remains to be determined. 相似文献