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Mitochondrial and cytoplasmic isozymes of arginine kinase have been identified inDrosophila melanogaster. On the basis of their immunological similarity, parallel dosage responses, and cosegregation of electrophoretic mobility differences, it is concluded that both isozymes are the product of a single gene. The consequences of this in relation to the regulation and evolution of this unusual gene-enzyme system are discussed. It is inferred that the origin of the phosphagen shuttle must predate the divergence of invertebrates and vertebrates. 相似文献
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In dealing with scoliosis in childhood, carefully kept records and periodic examinations will establish the trend of the deformity. A decision can be made as to whether the curve will progress or stabilize. Conservative treatment in some cases results in a well-balanced trunk with acceptable cosmetic appearance.Increasing scoliosis can be prevented by forceful correction and spinal fusion. Pseudarthrosis is the most common reason for loss of correction. Roentgenograms are not totally reliable in determining the intactness of the fusion mass. Surgical exploration and repair should be done if there is any doubt as to the presence of a mature, solid graft.Following the establishment of a solid graft, trunk support should be continued in young patients whose vertebral growth is not complete. 相似文献
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Katrin Schmidt Antony J. Birchill Angus Atkinson Robert J. W. Brewin James R. Clark Anna E. Hickman David G. Johns Maeve C. Lohan Angela Milne Silvia Pardo Luca Polimene Tim J. Smyth Glen A. Tarran Claire E. Widdicombe E. Malcolm S. Woodward Simon J. Ussher 《Global Change Biology》2020,26(10):5574-5587
Continental margins are disproportionally important for global primary production, fisheries and CO2 uptake. However, across the Northeast Atlantic shelves, there has been an ongoing summertime decline of key biota—large diatoms, dinoflagellates and copepods—that traditionally fuel higher tropic levels such as fish, sea birds and marine mammals. Here, we combine multiple time series with in situ process studies to link these declines to summer nutrient stress and increasing proportions of picophytoplankton that can comprise up to 90% of the combined pico‐ and nanophytoplankton biomass in coastal areas. Among the pico‐fraction, it is the cyanobacterium Synechococcus that flourishes when iron and nitrogen resupply to surface waters are diminished. Our field data show how traits beyond small size give Synechococcus a competitive edge over pico‐ and nanoeukaryotes. Key is their ability to grow at low irradiances near the nutricline, which is aided by their superior light‐harvesting system and high affinity to iron. However, minute size and lack of essential biomolecules (e.g. omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols) render Synechococcus poor primary producers to sustain shelf sea food webs efficiently. The combination of earlier spring blooms and lower summer food quantity and quality creates an increasing period of suboptimal feeding conditions for zooplankton at a time of year when their metabolic demand is highest. We suggest that this nutrition‐related mismatch has contributed to the widespread, ~50% decline in summer copepod abundance we observe over the last 60 years. With Synechococcus clades being prominent from the tropics to the Arctic and their abundances increasing worldwide, our study informs projections of future food web dynamics in coastal and shelf areas where droughts and stratification lead to increasing nutrient starvation of surface waters. 相似文献
55.
Hood Glen Ray Papuga Shirley A. Socrates Connor Rankin Kennadi Hwang Kyotaek 《Plant and Soil》2021,466(1-2):569-580
Plant and Soil - Tussock microhabitat is a universal phenomenon in wetlands, where soil and plant properties differ from their surrounding lawns. This study aims to investigate the differences of... 相似文献
56.
J. Bravo F. Real D. Padilla J.G. Olveira V. Grasso L. Román F. Acosta 《Fish & shellfish immunology》2013,34(1):383-386
Infections with nodavirus affect a wild and farmed fish species throughout the world, mostly from the marine environment. The aim of this work was to determine the immune status of gilthead sea bream that comes as a result of a Nodavirus infection, induced by activation of the interferon response pathway by lipopolysaccharides from Vibrio alginolyticus and the expression of interferoninduced Mx protein in liver samples. The enhancement of Mx protein gene expression was detected in liver samples of experimentally nodavirus infected fish and, furthermore, the immunostimulant LPS of V. alginolyticus decreased almost three times the virus titration with respect to no-immunized or infected with nodavirus group of fish. 相似文献
57.
Clayton L. Camic Terry J. Housh Jorge M. Zuniga C. Russell Hendrix Haley C. Bergstrom Daniel A. Traylor Richard J. Schmidt Glen O. Johnson 《Journal of electromyography and kinesiology》2013,23(2):342-348
The purpose of the present study was to examine the patterns of responses for torque, electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, EMG mean power frequency (MPF), mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude, and MMG MPF across 30 repeated maximal isometric (ISO) and concentric (CON) muscle actions of the leg extensors. Twelve female subjects (21.1 ± 1.4 yrs; 63.3 ± 7.4 kg) performed ISO and CON fatigue protocols with EMG and MMG signals recorded from the vastus lateralis. The relationships for torque, EMG amplitude, EMG MPF, MMG amplitude, and MMG MPF versus repetition number were examined using polynomial regression. The results indicated there were decreases (p < 0.05) across the ISO muscle actions for torque (r2 = 0.95), EMG amplitude (R2 = 0.44), EMG MPF (r2 = 0.62), and MMG MPF (r2 = 0.48), but no change in MMG amplitude (r2 = 0.07). In addition, there were decreases across the CON muscle actions for torque (R2 = 0.97), EMG amplitude (R2 = 0.46), EMG MPF (R2 = 0.86), MMG amplitude (R2 = 0.44), and MMG MPF (R2 = 0.80). Thus, the current findings suggested that the mechanisms of fatigue and motor control strategies used to modulate torque production were similar between maximal ISO and CON muscle actions. 相似文献
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Barry S. Peters Melissa Perry Anthony S. Wierzbicki Lisa E. Wolber Glen M. Blake Nishma Patel Richard Hoile Alastair Duncan Ranjababu Kulasegaram Frances M. K. Williams 《PloS one》2013,8(10)