全文获取类型
收费全文 | 73篇 |
免费 | 6篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 2篇 |
2012年 | 3篇 |
2011年 | 5篇 |
2010年 | 6篇 |
2009年 | 11篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2005年 | 2篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有79条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Background
Sputum microscopy is the only diagnostic for tuberculosis (TB) available at peripheral levels of health service in resource-poor countries. Its sensitivity is reduced in high HIV-prevalence settings. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) specimen sedimentation prior microscopy and light-emitting diode (LED)-fluorescence microscopy (FM) can individually improve performance of microscopy. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of combined LED-FM and NaOCl sputum sedimentation for TB detection at peripheral level of health services.Methods
A prospective study was conducted in an urban health clinic in Nairobi, Kenya. Three sputum specimens were collected over 2 days from consecutive TB suspects. Smears were prepared and stained with auramine O and Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) methods. Bleach (3.5%) was added to the remaining specimen before overnight sedimentation at room temperature. Auramine O staining was performed on smears of sediment. A 4th specimen was collected for TB culture. Auramine smears were read under the same microscope as used for ZN smears, but equipped with the LED FluoLED™ fluorescence illuminator.Results
497 patients were included, and 1394 specimens collected. The yield of positive specimen was significantly increased after NaOCl sedimentation (24.9%) compared to direct LED-FM (20.6%) and direct ZN (20.3%). In detecting smear-positive patients, sensitivity was 78.5% for LED-FM after NaOCl sedimentation compared to 73.2% and 72.0% for direct LED-FM (P = 0.06) and direct ZN (P = 0.06), respectively. Specificity was 87.8% for LED-FM after NaOCl sedimentation compared to 96.7% and 95.9% for direct LED-FM (P<0.01) and direct ZN (P<0.01), respectively. Inter-reading agreement (kappa = 0.7) and technicians'' acceptability were good.Conclusion
NaOCl sedimentation did not improve the performance of LED-FM in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB at peripheral health service level. 相似文献62.
Revisiting Coptotermes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): a global taxonomic road map for species validity and distribution of an economically important subterranean termite genus
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Systematic Entomology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
THOMAS CHOUVENC HOU‐FENG LI JAMES AUSTIN CHRISTIAN BORDEREAU THOMAS BOURGUIGNON STEPHEN L. CAMERON ELIANA M. CANCELLO REGINALDO CONSTANTINO ANA MARIA COSTA‐LEONARDO PAUL EGGLETON THEODORE A. EVANS BRIAN FORSCHLER J. KENNETH GRACE CLAUDIA HUSSENEDER JAN KŘEČEK CHOW‐YANG LEE TIMOTHY LEE NATHAN LO MATTHEW MESSENGER AARON MULLINS ALAIN ROBERT YVES ROISIN RUDOLF H. SCHEFFRAHN DAVID SILLAM‐DUSSÈS JAN ŠOBOTNÍK ALLEN SZALANSKI YOKO TAKEMATSU EDWARD L. VARGO AKINORI YAMADA TSUYOSHI YOSHIMURA NAN‐YAO SU 《Systematic Entomology》2016,41(2):299-306
63.
PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 affects reactive oxygen species metabolism,cell wall and wood properties in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × tremuloides)
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Plant, cell & environment》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
IRENEUSZ ŚLESAK MAGDALENA SZECHYŃSKA‐HEBDA HALINA FEDAK NATALIA SIDORUK JOANNA DĄBROWSKA‐BRONK DAMIAN WITOŃ ANNA RUSACZONEK ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK BARBARA KARPIŃSKA STANISŁAW KARPIŃSKI 《Plant, cell & environment》2015,38(7):1275-1284
The PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAD4) is involved in the regulation of plant – pathogen interactions. The role of PAD4 in woody plants is not known; therefore, we characterized its function in hybrid aspen and its role in reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent signalling and wood development. Three independent transgenic lines with different suppression levels of poplar PAD expression were generated. All these lines displayed deregulated ROS metabolism, which was manifested by an increased H2O2 level in the leaves and shoots, and higher activities of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT) in the leaves in comparison to the wild‐type plants. However, no changes in non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) between the transgenic lines and wild type were observed in the leaves. Moreover, changes in the ROS metabolism in the pad4 transgenic lines positively correlated with wood formation. A higher rate of cell division, decreased tracheid average size and numbers, and increased cell wall thickness were observed. The results presented here suggest that the Populus tremula × tremuloides PAD gene might be involved in the regulation of cellular ROS homeostasis and in the cell division – cell death balance that is associated with wood development. 相似文献
64.
PHYLOGENY OF THE HEXAPODA AND OVARIAN METAMERISM 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
65.
AH van't Hoog HK Meme KF Laserson JA Agaya BG Muchiri WA Githui LO Odeny BJ Marston MW Borgdorff 《PloS one》2012,7(7):e38691
Background
We conducted a tuberculosis (TB) prevalence survey and evaluated the screening methods used in our survey, to assess if screening in TB prevalence surveys could be simplified, and to assess the accuracy of screening algorithms that may be applicable for active case finding.Methods
All participants with a positive screen on either a symptom questionnaire, chest radiography (CXR) and/or sputum smear microscopy submitted sputum for culture. HIV status was obtained from prevalent cases. We estimated the accuracy of modified screening strategies with bacteriologically confirmed TB as the gold standard, and compared these with other survey reports. We also assessed whether sequential rather than parallel application of symptom, CXR and HIV screening would substantially reduce the number of participants requiring CXR and/or sputum culture.Results
Presence of any abnormality on CXR had 94% (95%CI 88–98) sensitivity (92% in HIV-infected and 100% in HIV-uninfected) and 73% (95%CI 68–77) specificity. Symptom screening combinations had significantly lower sensitivity than CXR except for ‘any TB symptom’ which had 90% (95%CI 84–95) sensitivity (96% in HIV-infected and 82% in HIV-uninfected) and 32% (95%CI 30–34) specificity. Smear microscopy did not yield additional suspects, thus the combined symptom/CXR screen applied in the survey had 100% (95%CI 97–100) sensitivity. Specificity was 65% (95%CI 61–68). Sequential application of first a symptom screen for ‘any symptom’, followed by CXR-evaluation and different suspect criteria depending on HIV status would result in the largest reduction of the need for CXR and sputum culture, approximately 36%, but would underestimate prevalence by 11%.Conclusion
CXR screening alone had higher accuracy compared to symptom screening alone. Combined CXR and symptom screening had the highest sensitivity and remains important for suspect identification in TB prevalence surveys in settings where bacteriological sputum examination of all participants is not feasible. 相似文献66.
67.
Schistosomes are parasitic blood flukes that reside in human mesenteric veins or urinary bladder veins, depending on species of the parasite. The syncytial tegument of these parasites represents a dynamic interface that regulates nutritional and immunological interactions between the parasite and the host. It is known that the components for biogenesis and maintenance of the tegument are supplied via vesicles from the nucleated cell bodies beneath the syncytium and muscle layer. To investigate the common motor components of vesicular transport in the tegument of schistomes, we extracted Schistosoma mansoni tegumental microtubule associated proteins utilizing detergent/high-salt procedure and raised antiserum against these proteins. The antiserum was applied to screen Schistosoma haematobium λgt11 expression library and some of the isolated clones were sequenced. Blast search for the sequences against NCBI database identified clones that are dynein light chains and myosin genes. Further analysis of schistosome dynein genes in the databases identified three families of dynein light chains (Dlcs). The Tctex family protein sequences are significantly different from the mammalian homologs and, therefore, offer a potential vaccine/drug target against schistosomes. 相似文献
68.
69.
DAVID MODRÝ KLÁRA J. PETRELKOVÁ KATEINA POMAJBÍKOVÁ TOSHIHIRO TOKIWA JAROSLAV KÍEK SOICHI IMAI PETER VALLO ILONA PROFOUSOVÁ JAN LAPETA 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》2009,56(1):83-87
ABSTRACT. Entodiniomorphid ciliates are often present in the colons of wild apes. In captive apes the infection tends to gradually disappear, with the exception of Troglodytella abrassarti . We used fecal examinations to screen the gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla ) in European (Czech Republic, UK) and Australian Zoos to explore the ape-to-ape transmission pattern of T. abrassarti . Gorillas from two out of three European Zoos were positive for T. abrassarti , while gorillas from the Australian Zoo were negative. We documented a horizontal transmission of T. abrassarti to a non-infected adult gorilla introduced into a Troglodytella -positive group in the Prague Zoo and traced the origin of the ciliate infection to the Paignton Zoo (UK) using serial fecal examinations. During this study, two infant gorillas born in the Prague Zoo (CZ) first became positive for T. abrassarti at the age of 9 mo. Ciliate morphology and the sequencing of the small subunit rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer rDNA spacer region revealed that T. abrassarti affects both captive gorillas and chimpanzees. We conclude that zoo transport plays a major role in the distribution of T. abrassarti among captive gorillas. 相似文献
70.