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881.
882.
The -amino-N compounds that accumulate in the thickening storage root of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) were synthesized in the leaves (NO
3
–
nutrition) and also in the lateral roots (NH
4
+
nutrition). Ammonium stimulated glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) activity, especially in the lateral roots. With non-denaturing polyacrylamide-gel isoelectric focussing, simultaneously active charge-isomers of GS were separated in both leaves and roots. The leaf isoforms were active in an octameric and also in a tetrameric form. In the root only octameric isoforms were found. The tetramer was more active than the octamer in the leaf blade and vice versa in the leaf stem. Only the tetramer needed -mercaptoethanol for activity stabilization in vitro. A reactivation, however, of an inactive tetramer by the addition of thiol/thioredoxin was not possible. The same isoforms of GS were separated in different organs of sugarbeet but with different patterns of relative activity. The activity pattern depended also on the N-source of the plant. With increasing age of the plant the number of active GS isoforms declined in both leaves and roots although the in-vitro activity remained unchanged (NO
3
–
-fed plants) or even increased (NH
4
+
-fed plants).Abbreviations GS
glutamine synthetase (E.C. 6.3.1.2.)
- IEF
isoelectric focussing
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
This work was supported by a grant from Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie and by Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht AG, Einbeck. 相似文献
883.
The aim of this histological study was to investigate the postnatal ontogeny of the ovaries in Saguinus fuscicollis to provide a detailed knowledge of the ovarian morphology for further endocrinological studies. Gonads from 43 animals between one day and 18 years of age were investigated. Based on the available material the ovarian development is characterized by seven distinct stages. 1. Neonatal stage : Folliculogenesis is still in progress. The ovarian medulla is filled with an intraovarian rete system, which forms open connections between the rete tubules and the cords containing oocytes. 2. Infantile stage : One month after birth the ovarian cortex is mainly composed of primordial follicles and a few primary follicles at the corticomedullary border, which are separated from each other by connective tissue. At two months, folliculogenesis is nearly completed. The first secondary follicles are present. 3. Juvenile stage : In six-month-old females weighing 184±9.5 g, folliculogenesis has reached the stage of secondary follicles with up to six layers of granulosa cells. In females of the same age weighing 251.5±37 g, antral follicles attain a maximum diameter of 925 μm m. 4. Pubertal stage : At the age of 8–10 months, corpora lutea accessoria (CLA) begin to form from atretic antral follicles. 5. Adult stage : The ovaries of all females older than 1.2 years are filled with large patches of interstitial gland tissue (IGT). In breeding females up to 58.4%of the antral follicles are intact. In non-breeding daughters living in the family group only 1.8%are intact, the rest are in various stages of atresia and form CLA. 6. Climacterial stage : With increasing age (8–13 years), the number of intact follicles decreases dramatically and IGT fills nearly the whole ovary. 7. Senile stage : In females older than 14 years, nearly all remaining follicles show signs of atresia. 相似文献
884.
Peter Krippeit-Drews Gisela Drews Kai Graszynski 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1989,159(1):43-49
1. | Transepithelial potential differences (PDte) and acidification rates of the bath chamber were measured on isolated perfused posterior gills of the fiddler crabUca tangeri adapted to dilute seawater. |
2. | The PDte decreased to almost zero when Na+ was substituted by choline or when ouabain was added to the perfusion saline in high concentrations (10 mmol·l–1). Thus, the rheogenic NaCl-transport across the gill epithelium seems to be totally Na+-dependent. |
3. | When Cl– was replaced by gluconate, a bath positive PDte occurred which was insensitive to ouabain. This PDte could also be observed when, in addition to Cl– removal, Na+ was replaced by TMA+. |
4. | Bath acidification under normal conditions could be abolished by ouabain, indicating that there is H+ excretion via electrically silent Na+/H+ exchange. In contrast, bath acidification under Cl–-free conditions is only partially blocked by ouabain. |
5. | It is concluded that under Cl–-free conditions a rheogenic H+-pump in the apical membrane is responsible for the ouabain-insensitive bath acidification as well as for the PDte. |
885.
Maria E. Pueyo Yan Chen Gisela D'Angelo Jean-Baptiste Michel 《Experimental cell research》1998,238(2):354
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell mitogen which stimulates angiogenesis. VEGF is regulated by multiple factors such as hypoxia, phorbol esters, and growth factors. However, data concerning the expression of VEGF in the different vascular cell types and its regulation by cAMP are not available. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of adenylate cyclase activation on VEGF mRNA expression in rat vascular cells in primary culture. Basal VEGF expression is greater in smooth muscle cells than in endothelial cells and fibroblasts. A 4-h treatment with forskolin (10−5M) induced a 2-fold stimulation of VEGF mRNA expression in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, but, in contrast, did not affect VEGF expression in endothelial cells. In smooth muscle cells, a pharmacologically induced increase in intracellular cAMP levels using iloprost or isoprenaline led to a rise in VEGF mRNA expression comparable to that induced by forskolin. Adenosine, which increases cAMP levels in smooth muscle cells, also increases VEGF expression. Moreover, the 2.2-fold stimulation of VEGF expression by adenosine was enhanced following a cotreatment with cobalt chloride (a hypoxia miming agent). The observed additive effect (4.3-fold increase) suggests that these two factors, hypoxia and adenosine, regulate VEGF mRNA expression in smooth muscle cells by independent mechanisms. 相似文献
886.
Gisela v. Bargen 《Cell and tissue research》1959,50(4):459-471
Zusammenfassung In der Kaninchenepidermis läßt sich elektronenmikroskopisch eine polare Differenzierung der Zellen des Str. germinativum nachweisen: Die Mitochondrien liegen vorwiegend basal, der Golgi-Apparat stets supranukleär.Die Tonofibrillen, die das gesamte Zellinnere durchziehen, sind in bestimmten Bereichen der als Doppelmembran ausgebildeten Zellwand verankert. Die Membranen benachbarter Zellen sind an diesen Ansatzstellen der Tonofibrillen durch eine Kittsubstanz miteinander verbunden und bilden so die sog. Kontaktzonen (= Bizzozerosche Knötchen oder Desmosome), denen offenbar ähnliche Strukturen an der basalen Zellgrenze entsprechen.Die Zellwände der unteren Epidermisschichten sind stark eingebuchtet und ineinander verzahnt. Zwischen den Kontaktzonen liegen jeweils die vor allem für das Str. spinosum typischen Interzellularlücken. Mit zunehmender Verhornung werden in den oberen Schichten die Zellgrenzen begradigt, die Interzellularlücken verschwinden, die Kontaktzonen ordnen sich parallel zur Epidermisoberfläche an und werden im Str. corneum fast vollständig aufgelöst.Der Zellkern macht im Str. granulosum charakteristische Veränderungen durch, die vermutlich mit der Bildung des Keratohyalins im Zusammenhang stehen.Mitochondrien bleiben bis ins Str. granulosum, der Golgi-Apparat nur bis zum oberen Str. spinosum nachweisbar. Beide Zellkomponenten verlieren bereits im unteren Str. spinosum ihre polare Anordnung.Im Str. germinativum liegen vereinzelt helle Zellen, die meist dendritische Fortsätze bilden. Ihr Cytoplasma wird von einem ausgeprägten endoplasmatischen Reticulum durchzogen und enthält keine Tonofibrillen; dementsprechend finden sich an der Zellmembran keine Kontaktzonen. Auf Grund ihrer Lage und Struktur lassen sich diese Zellen als unpigmentierte Melanoblasten deuten. 相似文献
887.
888.
889.
Anne Katrine Blangsted Gisela Sj?gaard Pascal Madeleine Henrik Baare Olsen Karen S?gaard 《Journal of electromyography and kinesiology》2005,15(2):138-148
Controversies exist regarding objective documentation of fatigue development with low-force contractions. We hypothesized that non-exhaustive, low-force muscle contraction may induce prolonged low-frequency fatigue (LFF) that in the subsequent recovery period is detectable by electromyography (EMG) and in particular mechanomyography (MMG) during low-force rather than high-force test contractions. Seven subjects performed static wrist extension at 10% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) for 10 min (10%MVC10 min). Wrist force response to electrical stimulation of extensor carpi radialis muscle (ECR) quantified LFF. EMG and MMG were recorded from ECR during static test contractions at 5% and 80% MVC. Electrical stimulation, MVC, and test contractions were performed before 10%MVC10 min and at 10, 30, 90 and 150 min recovery. In spite of no changes in MVC, LFF persisted up to 150 min recovery but did not develop in a control experiment omitting 10%MVC10 min. In 5% MVC tests significant increase was found in time domain of EMG from 0.067+/-0.028 mV before 10%MVC10 min to 0.107+/-0.049 and 0.087+/-0.05 mV at 10 and 30 min recovery, respectively, and of the MMG from 0.054+/-0.039 ms(-2) to 0.133+/-0.104 and 0.127+/-0.099 ms(-2), respectively. No consistent changes were found in 80% MVC tests. In conclusion, non-exhaustive low-force muscle contraction resulted in prolonged LFF that in part was identified by the EMG and MMG signals. 相似文献
890.
Tolerance and antibiosis resistance to cabbage root fly in vegetable Brassica species 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gisela Felkl Erik Bjørn Jensen Kell Kristiansen & Sven Bode Andersen 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2005,116(1):65-71
Four accessions of the wild species Brassica fruticulosa Cyrillo (Brassicaceae) were studied in order to identify its tolerance and antibiosis resistance to the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), in comparison to a widely cultivated cauliflower cultivar and a rapid cycling Brassica oleracea L. line. Antibiosis was prominent, as the insects reared on resistant accessions showed reduced individual pupal weight, total pupal weight, adult dry weight, and the longest average fly eclosion time. Host plant resistance, however, did not affect the sex ratio of adult flies. A study of the root architecture of plants with and without root fly inoculation revealed differences in the structure within B. oleracea accessions. A long main root and a high number of lateral roots appeared to be important characteristics for a Brassica type, with a higher tolerance level to cabbage root fly attack. 相似文献