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71.
van Tits LJ Jacobs EM Swinkels DW Lemmers HL van der Vleuten GM de Graaf J Stalenhoef AF 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2006,345(1):371-376
Non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) is implicated in lipid peroxidation but the relation with oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is not known. We assessed variables reflecting in vitro and in vivo LDL oxidation in two age- and sex-matched groups (n=23) of hereditary hemochromatosis heterozygotes (C282Y), characterized by a clear difference in mean serum NTBI (1.55+/-0.57 micromol/L vs 3.70+/-0.96 micromol/L). Plasma level of oxidized LDL (absolute and relative to plasma apolipoprotein B), and IgG and IgM antibodies to oxidized LDL, markers of in vivo LDL oxidation, did not differ between the groups with low and high serum NTBI. Mean lag-phase of in vitro LDL oxidation was also not significantly different between both study groups. Conclusion: these findings do not support the hypothesis that NTBI promotes oxidative modification of plasma LDL. 相似文献
72.
Sebastian Hückesfeld Andreas Schoofs Philipp Schlegel Anton Miroschnikow Michael J. Pankratz 《PloS one》2015,10(8)
Motor systems can be functionally organized into effector organs (muscles and glands), the motor neurons, central pattern generators (CPG) and higher control centers of the brain. Using genetic and electrophysiological methods, we have begun to deconstruct the motor system driving Drosophila larval feeding behavior into its component parts. In this paper, we identify distinct clusters of motor neurons that execute head tilting, mouth hook movements, and pharyngeal pumping during larval feeding. This basic anatomical scaffold enabled the use of calcium-imaging to monitor the neural activity of motor neurons within the central nervous system (CNS) that drive food intake. Simultaneous nerve- and muscle-recordings demonstrate that the motor neurons innervate the cibarial dilator musculature (CDM) ipsi- and contra-laterally. By classical lesion experiments we localize a set of CPGs generating the neuronal pattern underlying feeding movements to the subesophageal zone (SEZ). Lesioning of higher brain centers decelerated all feeding-related motor patterns, whereas lesioning of ventral nerve cord (VNC) only affected the motor rhythm underlying pharyngeal pumping. These findings provide a basis for progressing upstream of the motor neurons to identify higher regulatory components of the feeding motor system. 相似文献
73.
74.
Recently, it has been shown that water fluxes across biological membranes occur not only through the lipid bilayer but also
through specialized water-conducting proteins, the so called aquaporins. In the present study, we investigated in young and
mature leaves of Brassica napus L. the expression and localization of a vacuolar aquaporin homologous to radish γ-tonoplast intrinsic protein/vacuolar-membrane
integral protein of 23 kDa (TIP/VM 23). In-situ hybridization showed that these tonoplast aquaporins are highly expressed
not only in developing but also in mature leaves, which export photosynthates. No substantial differences could be observed
between different tissues of young and mature leaves. However, independent of the developmental stage, an immunohistochemical
approach revealed that the vacuolar membrane of bundle-sheath cells contained more protein cross-reacting with antibodies
raised against radish γ-TIP/VM 23 than the mesophyll cells. The lowest labeling was detected in phloem cells. We compared
these results with the distribution of plasma-membrane aquaporins cross-reacting with antibodies detecting a domain conserved
among members of the plasma-membrane intrinsic protein 1 (PIP1) subfamily. We observed the same picture as for the vacuolar
aquaporins. Furthermore, a high density of gold particles labeling proteins of the PIP1 group could be observed in plasmalemmasomes
of the vascular parenchyma. Our results indicate that γ-TIP/VM 23 and PIP1 homologous proteins show a similar expression pattern.
Based on these results it is tempting to speculate that bundle-sheath cells play an important role in facilitating water fluxes
between the apoplastic and symplastic compartments in close proximity to the vascular tissue.
Received: 23 December 1999 / Accepted: 3 June 2000 相似文献
75.
Ronald E. Koes Cornelis E. Spelt Jos N. M. Mol Anton G. M. Gerats 《Plant molecular biology》1988,10(4):375-385
Chalcone synthase (CHS) genes in Petunia hybrida comprise a multigene family containing at least 7 complete members in the strain Violet 30 (V30). Based on a high sequence homology in both coding and non-coding sequence, a number of CHS genes can be placed into two subfamilies. By restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis it was shown that both chromosomes II and V carry one of these subfamilies, in addition to the other CHS genes identified so far. Members of a subfamily were found to be closely linked genetically. Analysis of the Petunia species that contributed to the hybrid nature of P. hybrida (P. axillaris, P. parodii, P. inflata and P. violacea) shows that none of the CHS gene clusters is specific for either one of the parents and therefore did not arise as a consequence of the hybridization. The number of CHS genes within a subfamily varies considerably among these Petunia species. From this we infer that the CHS subfamilies arose from very recent gene duplications. 相似文献
76.
Antonín Vězda 《Folia Geobotanica》1966,1(1):311-340
Im Artikel wird die ursprüngliche Gattungsdiagnose derGyalidea Lett. um die Merkmale der Pilzkomponente ergänzt. Die angenommenen verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen derGyalidea zu der FamilieAsterothyriaceae werden diskutiert. Alle bisher festgestellten Arten mit Übersichten der revidierten Proben werden kurz beschrieben. Neue Taxa und Kombinationen:Gyalidea dodgei spec. n.,G. epiphylla spec. n.,G. mayaguezensis spec. n.,G. portoricensis spec. n.,G. fritzei (Stein) comb. n.,G. fritzei var.rivularis (Eitn.) comb. n.,G. hyalinescens (Nyl.) comb. n.,G. lecideopsis var.convarians (Nyl.) comb. n.,G. lecideopsis var.stigmatoides (Nyl.) comb. n.,G. mexicana (B. de Lesd.) comb. n. undG. subscutellaris (Vězda) comb. n. 相似文献
77.
78.
Gisela Drews Kai Graszynski 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1987,157(3):345-353
Summary Euryhaline Crustacea living in dilute media, counterbalance the salt loss by active absorption of NaCl across the gill epithelium. To investigate the mechanisms involved in salt absorption, transeptithelial potential difference (PDte) was measured in isolated, perfused gills of the fiddler crab,Uca tangeri. The influence of some specific inhibitors of epithelial ion transport on the PDte was tested.With symmetrical conditions on both sides of the epithelium, the posterior gills ofUca tangeri showed a spontaneous PDte of +5 to +10 mV, that is an active transport potential which was positive on the bath side as referred to the hemolymph side. This potential decreased considerably after application of KCN or 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) to the perfusion saline.Omission of K+ from the perfusion saline or addition of ouabain led to a reversible drop of the PDte, suggesting that the absorption of Na+ and also of Cl– is driven by the (Na++K+)ATPase located in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells.Perfusion of the hemolymph space with saline containing diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC) or the loop diuretic furosemide resulted in a decrease of the PDte.After application of amiloride to the bath saline the PDte increased. Half-maximum response to amiloride was reached at a concentration of about 10–5 mol·l–1. This suggests that one of the Na+ pathways across the apical membrane may consist of Na+ channels.Abbreviations
PD
te
transepithelial potential difference
-
DPC
diphenylamine-2-carboxylate
-
R
ps
resistance of perfusate shunt
-
R
te
transepithelial resistance
-
R
in
input resistance
-
DNP
2,4-dinitrophenol
Parts of this study have been reported at the 1st Congress of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Liège 1984, and at the Vth European Colloquium on Renal Physiology, Frankfurt, 1985 相似文献
79.
Mitotic activity, as indicated by DNA synthesis, was studied by autoradiographic analysis along the proximodistal axis of regenerating limbs in the early and later larval stages 53 and 57 of Xenopus laevis. Wound-healing, dedifferentiation, blastema formation and growth phases were studied. Most of the various stump tissues, as well as the cell mass of the regeneration blastema, were involved. The study showed an increase in DNA synthesis in the stump tissues during their dedifferentiation as well as during blastema formation. The increase was confined mainly to the distal portion (close to the amputation level), so that a proximodistal gradient was discernible. This could be regarded as valid evidence of contribution of the severed stump tissues to the blastema cells. The mesenchymal blastema cells formed after amputation at stage 53 displayed higher mitotic activity than the fibrocytoid blastema cells formed at stage 57. Although the latter were more differentiated than the former, they still showed DNA replication and mitotic division. 相似文献
80.