Neue oder wenig bekannte Flechten in der Tschechoslowakei. I

Es werden 28 Arten von lichenisierten Fungi (Flechten) mit kritischen taxonomischen Hinweisen oder Ergänzungen zu den in der Literatur vorhandenen Beschreibungen, oft mit chorologischen Bemerkungen und Angaben über die ökologischen Verhältnisse ihrer Standorte angeführt, von denen die nachgenannten Arten und Namenskombinationen neu sind:Verrucaria scabra Vězda sp. n.,Geisleria xylophila Vězda sp. n.,Toninia steineri Poelt etVězda sp. n.,Pachyascus byssaceus (Vězda) Vězda comb. n. undMicarea gomphillacea (Nyl.) Vězda comb. n.     

Indolderivate im Apfel

Zusammenfassung Zur Identifizierung der Streckungswuchsstoffe in Apfelgeweben wurden Extrakte aus vegetativen und reproduktiven Organen in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien chromatographiert und mit Hilfe des Weizen-Koleoptilzylinder-Tests, verschiedener Farbreagentien und synthetischer Vergleichssubstanzen auf ihre Wuchsstoffwirkung und ihren Gehalt an Indolderivaten geprüft. Alle untersuchten Gewebe ergaben im biologischen Test dieselben Wuchsstoffe, allerdings mit erheblichen quantitativen Unterschieden.In der sauren Fraktion von Ätherextrakten aus dem Fruchtfleisch verschiedener Apfelsorten ließen sich Malonyltryptophan, Indol-3-carbonsäure, 2-Hydroxy-indol-3-essigsäure, Indol-3-essigsäure, Indol-3-aldehyd (vor allem in reifen Früchten) und Indol-3-essigsäure-äthylester (in unreifen Früchten) identifizieren. In Gegenwart von IES trat häufig auch Indol-3-acetamid auf; dieses, die Indol-3-essigsäure und 2-Hydroxy-indol-3-essigsäure und der Indol-3-essigsäure-äthylester zeigten im Weizen-Koleoptilzylinder-Test Wuchsstoffwirkung.Nach Hydrolyse des mit Äther extrahierten Materials fanden sich neben einer größeren Anzahl unbekannter Substanzen, die im Farb-Test Indolreaktionen ergaben, drei weitere, im biologischen Test aktive Indolderivate, von denen das eine als Indol-3-acetylasparaginsäure identifiziert werden konnte; die anderen beiden sind möglicherweise ebenfalls Verbindungen der IES mit Aminosäuren.Im Weizen-Koleoptilzylinder-Test konnte eine Überlagerung der Indolderivate mit unbekannten, ebenfalls aktiven Substanzen nicht ausgeschlossen werden.Mit 3 Textabbildungen     

Flechtensystematische Studien IV. Die GattungGyalidea Lett

Im Artikel wird die ursprüngliche Gattungsdiagnose derGyalidea Lett. um die Merkmale der Pilzkomponente ergänzt. Die angenommenen verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen derGyalidea zu der FamilieAsterothyriaceae werden diskutiert. Alle bisher festgestellten Arten mit Übersichten der revidierten Proben werden kurz beschrieben. Neue Taxa und Kombinationen:Gyalidea dodgei spec. n.,G. epiphylla spec. n.,G. mayaguezensis spec. n.,G. portoricensis spec. n.,G. fritzei (Stein) comb. n.,G. fritzei var.rivularis (Eitn.) comb. n.,G. hyalinescens (Nyl.) comb. n.,G. lecideopsis var.convarians (Nyl.) comb. n.,G. lecideopsis var.stigmatoides (Nyl.) comb. n.,G. mexicana (B. de Lesd.) comb. n. undG. subscutellaris (Vězda) comb. n.     

Flechtensystematische Studien VI. Die GattungSagiolechia Massal.

Eine taxonomische Studie über die GattungSagiolechia Massal. als wieter Teil einer Revision der FamilieGyalectaceae sensuZahlbruckner wird vorgelegt.     

Ethanol increases PGE and thromboxane production in mouse pregnant uterine tissue

The teratogenic effect of ethanol in the C57BL/6J mouse can be attenuated by pretreatment with aspirin (ASA). One prominent effect of ASA is to inhibit prostaglandin (PGE) and thromboxane (TXB2) production. We examined the effect of in vivo ethanol exposure on PGE and TXB2 production in a uterine-embryo tissue sample of C57BL/6J mice either before or after in vivo ASA pretreatment on day 10 of gestation. Ethanol increased both PGE and TXB2 production by approximately 20%. ASA caused a marked reduction of PGE and TXB2 in both control and ethanol groups by approximately 80-90%. The mouse strain, gestation time, and study parameters used in this study were the same as in the previously reported ASA attenuation of the teratogenic effect of ethanol. Therefore, the present data add additional support to the hypothesis that prostaglandin and/or thromboxane production may be involved in at least some aspects of fetal alcohol syndrome.     

Demonstration of sensory-motor innervation of postmetamorphic forelimb regenerates of Triturus alpestris (Urodela) on cryotome serial sections using horseradish peroxidase

A method has been developed to obtain horseradish peroxidase-treated serial sections containing spinal cord as well as bilateral ventral and dorsal roots, dorsal root ganglia and spinal nerves. Young postmetamorphic newts (Triturus alpestris) served as experimental animals. After cryotome cross sectioning the forelimb region of the trunk, slices 80 microns in thickness were mounted serially with up to 15 sections per slide. This facilitated subsequent staining manipulations and made partial loss of sections less likely.     

Characterization of waldmeister, a novel developmental mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana

A novel Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. developmental mutant,waldmeister (wam), is described. This mutant was found in theprogeny arising from an Ac-Ds tagging experiment, but does notappear to be tagged by an introduced transposon. This recessivenuclear mutation maps between GAPB and ap1 on chromosome 1 andshows extreme morphological and physiological changes in bothfloral and vegetative tissues. Changes to the vegetative phenotypeinclude altered leaf morphology, multiple rosettes, stem fasciation,retarded senescence and disturbed geotropic growth. Changesto the floral phenotype include delayed flowering, increasednumber of inflorescences, determinate inflorescences, alterednumber and morphology of floral organs, chimeric floral organs,and ectopic ovules . wam was crossed to a number of previouslydescribed floral mutants: apetela 2, apetela 3, pistillata,agamous, and leafy. The phenotype of the double mutant was ineach case additive. In the case of agamous, however, the indeterminaterepetitive floral structure of agamous was lacking, emphasizingthe determinate inflorescence growth of wam. The extreme phenotypeof the wam mutant is suggestive of a disturbance to a gene ofglobal importance in the regulation of plant growth and development. Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, waldmeister, developmental mutant, flower mutant     

Expression of active spinach glycolate oxidase in Aspergillus nidulans

The biocatalytic production of glyoxylic acid from glycolic acid requires two enzymes: glycolate oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidation of glycolic acid by oxygen to produce glyoxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and catalase, which decomposes the byproduct hydrogen peroxide. As an alternative to isolation from the leaf peroxisomes of spinach, glycolate oxidase has now been cloned and expressed in transformants of Aspergillus nidulans T580 at levels ranging from 1.7 to 36 IU/g dry wt. cells. The glycolate oxidase of transformant strain T17 comprises ca. 1.9% of total cell protein and is expressed at near 100% activity. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Ac/Ds transposon mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana: mutant spectrum and frequency of Ds insertion mutants

Using a two-component Ac/Ds system consisting of a stabilized Ac element (Ac_c1) and a non-autonomous element (Ds_A), 650 families of plants carrying independent germinal Ds_A excisions/transpositions were isolated. Progenies of 559 of these Ac_c1/Ds_A families, together with 43 families of plants selected for excision/transposition of wild-type (wt)Ac, were subjected to a broad screening program for mutants exhibiting visible alterations. This resulted in the identification of 48 mutants showing a wide variety of mutant phenotypes, including embryo lethality (24 mutants), chlorophyll defects (5 mutants), defective seedlings (2 mutants), reduced fertility (5 mutants), reduced size (3 mutants), altered leaf morphology (2 mutants), dark green, unexpanded rosette leaves (3 mutants), and aberrant flower or shoot morphology (4 mutants). To test whether these mutants were due to transposon insertions, a series of Southern blot experiments was performed on 28 families, comparing in each case several mutant plants with others showing the wild-type phenotype. A preliminary analysis revealed in 4 of the 28 families analyzed a common, novel Ds_A fragment in all mutant plants, which was present only in heterozygous plants with wt phenotype, as expected for Ds_A insertion mutations. These four mutants included two showing embryo lethality, one with dark green, unexpanded rosette leaves and stunted inflorescences, and one with curly growth of stems, leaves and siliques. Further evidence for Ds_A insertion mutations was obtained for one embryo lethal mutant and for the stunted mutant, while in case of the second embryo lethal mutant, the Ds_A insertion could be separated from the mutant locus by genetic recombination.