Immunoflurorescence demonstration of cells reacting with an antipancreatic polypeptide antibody in the intestine of the monkey Macacus irus

Indirect immunofluorescence technique using an antibody against bovine pancreatic polypeptide has allowed us to detect immunoreactive cells in the small intestine of the monkey Macaca irus. These cells are located almost exclusively in the wall of Lieberkuhn's glands, especially in the jejunum and, in a smaller number, in the duodenum; these cells are scattered, always isolated, never in clusters; immunoreactive cells were never seen in the colon. There were no sex-linked differences in the morphology as well as in the distribution of these immunoreactive cells.     

Identification by immunofluorescence of various categories of anterior pituitary gland cells (somatotropin, prolactin, corticotropin, melanotropin, gonadotropin, and thyrotropin cells) in the spermophile (Citellus variegatus)]

Using antibodies against human STH, rat prolactin, 1-24, 17-39-synthetic ACTH, alpha- and beta-synthetic MSH, ovine LH, porcine LH beta, bovine TSH saturated with LH, it is possible to identify somatotropic, prolactin, corticotropic, melanotropic, gonadotropic and thyreotropic cells in the adenohypophysis of rodents Citellus variegatus and Graphiurus murinus. The topographical repartition and morphological characters of these cells are described.     

Is Alarm Calling Risky? Marmots Avoid Calling from Risky Places

Alarm calling is common in many species. A prevalent assumption is that calling puts the vocalizing individual at increased risk of predation. If calling is indeed costly, we need special explanations for its evolution and maintenance. In some, but not all species, callers vocalize away from safety and thus may be exposed to an increased risk of predation. However, for species that emit bouts with one or a few calls, it is often difficult to identify the caller and find the precise location where a call was produced. We analyzed the spatial dynamics of yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) alarm calling using an acoustic localization system to determine the location from which calls were emitted. Marmots almost always called from positions close to the safety of their burrows, and, if they produced more than one alarm call, tended to end their calling bouts closer to safety than they started them. These results suggest that for this species, potential increased predation risk from alarm calling is greatly mitigated and indeed calling may have limited predation costs.     

Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 April 2010 - 31 May 2010

This article documents the addition of 396 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anthocidaris crassispina, Aphis glycines, Argyrosomus regius, Astrocaryum sciophilum, Dasypus novemcinctus, Delomys sublineatus, Dermatemys mawii, Fundulus heteroclitus, Homalaspis plana, Jumellea rossii, Khaya senegalensis, Mugil cephalus, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, Phytophthora infestans, Piper cordulatum, Pterocarpus indicus, Rana dalmatina, Rosa pulverulenta, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Scomber colias, Semecarpus kathalekanensis, Stichopus monotuberculatus, Striga hermonthica, Tarentola boettgeri and Thermophis baileyi. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aphis gossypii, Sooretamys angouya, Euryoryzomys russatus, Fundulus notatus, Fundulus olivaceus, Fundulus catenatus, Fundulus majalis, Jumellea fragrans, Jumellea triquetra Jumellea recta, Jumellea stenophylla, Liza richardsonii, Piper marginatum, Piper aequale, Piper darienensis, Piper dilatatum, Rana temporaria, Rana iberica, Rana pyrenaica, Semecarpus anacardium, Semecarpus auriculata, Semecarpus travancorica, Spondias acuminata, Holigarna grahamii, Holigarna beddomii, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Tarentola delalandii, Tarentola caboverdianus and Thermophis zhaoermii.     

Embryonic origin and Hox status determine progenitor cell fate during adult bone regeneration

The fetal skeleton arises from neural crest and from mesoderm. Here, we provide evidence that each lineage contributes a unique stem cell population to the regeneration of injured adult bones. Using Wnt1Cre::Z/EG mice we found that the neural crest-derived mandible heals with neural crest-derived skeletal stem cells, whereas the mesoderm-derived tibia heals with mesoderm-derived stem cells. We tested whether skeletal stem cells from each lineage were functionally interchangeable by grafting mesoderm-derived cells into mandibular defects, and vice versa. All of the grafting scenarios, except one, healed through the direct differentiation of skeletal stem cells into osteoblasts; when mesoderm-derived cells were transplanted into tibial defects they differentiated into osteoblasts but when transplanted into mandibular defects they differentiated into chondrocytes. A mismatch between the Hox gene expression status of the host and donor cells might be responsible for this aberration in bone repair. We found that initially, mandibular skeletal progenitor cells are Hox-negative but that they adopt a Hoxa11-positive profile when transplanted into a tibial defect. Conversely, tibial skeletal progenitor cells are Hox-positive and maintain this Hox status even when transplanted into a Hox-negative mandibular defect. Skeletal progenitor cells from the two lineages also show differences in osteogenic potential and proliferation, which translate into more robust in vivo bone regeneration by neural crest-derived cells. Thus, embryonic origin and Hox gene expression status distinguish neural crest-derived from mesoderm-derived skeletal progenitor cells, and both characteristics influence the process of adult bone regeneration.     

Cell types of the pars distalis of the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus L.) adenohypophysis: cytological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. 3. Opiocorticomelanotropic cells

Staining and histochemical methods, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were used to individualize the opiocorticomelanotropic cells in the adenohypophysis of the non-hibernating hedgehog. One cell type was differentiated; its characteristics at the electron-microscopic level were presented. Immunofluorescence has confirmed the functional significance of this cell type and the validity of the denomination 'opiocorticomelanotropic cells'.