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JC. Brisset F. Gazeau C. Corot N. Nighoghossian Y. Berthezène E. Canet-Soulas M. Wiart 《IRBM》2018,39(2):93-102
Background
Inflammation is a share process in atherosclerosis and stroke and is thought to be a key player in the evolution of these diseases. Ten years ago, inflammation imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was considered very promising for both pre-clinical and clinical studies of atherosclerosis and stroke.Contribution
We report here contributions to the field of inflammation imaging with USPIO-enhanced MRI. The goal was to investigate the life cycle of USPIOs in the body, and how the MRI signal has been impacted during their bio-interactions and bioprocessing. Those mechanisms were applied to pre-clinical longitudinal studies of inflammation in atherosclerosis and at the acute stage of ischemic stroke thus allowing the monitoring of treatment effects.Conclusion
This review presents the contribution of the collaborative research project under the “TecSan” grant from the French Research Agency (ANR) as well as pre-clinical and clinical perspectives of USPIO's inflammation MRI in atherosclerosis and stroke. 相似文献26.
Nonneutral evolution of tandem repeats in the mitochondrial DNA control region of lagomorphs 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Casane D; Dennebouy N; de Rochambeau H; Mounolou JC; Monnerot M 《Molecular biology and evolution》1997,14(8):779-789
The mitochondrial DNA of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
contains a tandem array of 153-bp repeats in the vicinity of the
replication origin of the H-stand. Variation among molecules in the number
of these repeats results in inter- and intraindividual length polymorphism
(heteroplasmy). Generally, in an individual, one predominant molecular type
is observed, the others representing a low percentage of the mtDNA content.
At the tissue level, we observe a particular distribution of this
polymorphism in the gonads compared with liver, kidneys, or brain, implying
a relationship between the differentiation status of the cells and the
types of new mtDNA molecules which appear and accumulate during lifetime.
Similar tandem repeats were also found in the mtDNA noncoding region of
European hares (Lepus europaeus), a cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), and
a pika (Ochotona rufescens). The lengths and the sequences of these units
evolve rapidly and in a concerted way, but the number of repeats is
maintained in a narrow range, and an internal 20-bp segment is highly
conserved. Constraints restrict the evolution of the primary sequence of
these repeated units, the number of which is probably controlled by a
stabilizing selection.
相似文献
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Despite numerous systematic studies, the relationships among many species within the dog family, Canidae, remain unresolved. Two problems of broad evolutionary significance are the origins of the taxonomically rich canidae fauna of South America and the development in three species of the trenchant heel, a unique meat-cutting blade on the lower first molar. The first problem is of interest because the fossil record provides little evidence for the origins of divergent South American species such as the maned wolf and the bush dog. The second issue is problematic because the trenchant heel, although complex in form, may have evolved independently to assist in the processing of meat. We attempted to resolve these two issues and five other specific taxonomic controversies by phylogenetic analysis of 2,001 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data from 23 canidae species. The mtDNA tree topology, coupled with data from the fossil record, and estimates of rates of DNA sequence divergence suggest at least three and possibly four North American invasions of South America. This result implies that an important chapter in the evolution of modern canids remains to be discovered in the fossil record and that the South American canidae endemism is as much the result of extinction outside of South America as it is due to speciation within South America. The origin of the trenchant heel is not well resolved by our data, although the maximum parsimony tree is weakly consistent with a single origin followed by multiple losses of the character in several extant species. A combined analysis of the mtDNA data and published morphological data provides unexpected support for a monophyletic South American canidae clade. However, the homogeneity partition tests indicate significant heterogeneity between the two data sets. 相似文献
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Distinguishing morphologically cryptic taxa, by definition, requires genetic data such as DNA sequences. However, DNA sequences may not be obtained easily for taxa from remote sites. Here we provide the details of a high-resolution melt-curve-based method using taxon-specific primers that can distinguish two taxa of Adélie penguins, and that will be usable in Antarctica when combined with some of the newly developed field-deployable thermal cyclers. We suggest that the wider adoption of field-deployable polymerase-chain-reaction-based techniques will enable faster assignation of haplotype to individuals in situ, and so allow the targeting of observations and sample collection to specimens relevant to the research question. Targeting individuals will also reduce the need to repeatedly handle animals and reduce the time and travel required to complete field work. 相似文献
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Rupert CM Jones Maria Dickson-Spillmann Martin JC Mather Dawn Marks Bryanie S Shackell 《Respiratory research》2008,9(1):62