全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5096篇 |
免费 | 329篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
5427篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 33篇 |
2022年 | 54篇 |
2021年 | 94篇 |
2020年 | 61篇 |
2019年 | 90篇 |
2018年 | 117篇 |
2017年 | 106篇 |
2016年 | 133篇 |
2015年 | 260篇 |
2014年 | 258篇 |
2013年 | 405篇 |
2012年 | 431篇 |
2011年 | 403篇 |
2010年 | 241篇 |
2009年 | 205篇 |
2008年 | 341篇 |
2007年 | 316篇 |
2006年 | 270篇 |
2005年 | 265篇 |
2004年 | 232篇 |
2003年 | 233篇 |
2002年 | 210篇 |
2001年 | 31篇 |
2000年 | 24篇 |
1999年 | 45篇 |
1998年 | 54篇 |
1997年 | 36篇 |
1996年 | 37篇 |
1995年 | 38篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 20篇 |
1992年 | 25篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 25篇 |
1989年 | 29篇 |
1988年 | 14篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 22篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 15篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有5427条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Umberto Tomati Giovanni Giovannozzi-Sermanni Silvestro Duprè Carlo Cannella 《Phytochemistry》1976,15(5):597-598
The NADH: nitrate reductase from durum wheat leaves was inactivated by cyanide and its activity restored by thiosulphate and beef kidney rhodanese. Rhodanese and thiosulphate, added to NADH-nitrate reductase before cyanide treatment protected NADH-nitrate reductase activity. No oxidizing agent was required for the protection or restoration of cyanide treated NADH-nitrate reductase. 相似文献
72.
73.
Giovanni Floris 《American journal of physical anthropology》1975,42(2):277-280
Differences between the sexes and between the sides and the correlations between four quantitative characteristics of palmar dermatoglyphics in a sample population of 809 individuals (418 males and 391 females) from the city of Cagliari, Sardinia, are tested. Males have a greater number of ridges than females, shown by a greater a-b ridge count and A-d ridge count, and a more transverse slope of the main lines, shown by a greater main line index and papillary number. The left palm shows a greater number of ridges than the right palm between the A line and the triradius d and between the triradii a and b, with a lower main line index and papillary number. The a-b ridge count has a negative correlation with the main line index and with the papillary number and a positive one with the A-d ridge count; these correlations are greater in the left palms, especially in the males. 相似文献
74.
Silvina Dayer Laurent J Lamarque Rgis Burlett Giovanni Bortolami Sylvain Delzon Jos C Herrera Herv Cochard Gregory A Gambetta 《Plant physiology》2022,190(3):1673
Climate change is challenging the resilience of grapevine (Vitis), one of the most important crops worldwide. Adapting viticulture to a hotter and drier future will require a multifaceted approach including the breeding of more drought-tolerant genotypes. In this study, we focused on plant hydraulics as a multi-trait system that allows the plant to maintain hydraulic integrity and gas exchange rates longer under drought. We quantified a broad range of drought-related traits within and across Vitis species, created in silico libraries of trait combinations, and then identified drought tolerant trait syndromes. By modeling the maintenance of hydraulic integrity of current cultivars and the drought tolerant trait syndromes, we identified elite ideotypes that increased the amount of time they could experience drought without leaf hydraulic failure. Generally, elites exhibited a trait syndrome with lower stomatal conductance, earlier stomatal closure, and a larger hydraulic safety margin. We demonstrated that, when compared with current cultivars, elite ideotypes have the potential to decrease the risk of hydraulic failure across wine regions under future climate scenarios. This study reveals the syndrome of traits that can be leveraged to protect grapevine from experiencing hydraulic failure under drought and increase drought tolerance.This article quantifies the diversity of hydraulic traits across grapevine genotypes and reveals the trait combinations that can help increase grapevine drought tolerance. 相似文献
75.
Casotti G Gerardo Herrera M L Flores M JJ Mancina CA Braun EJ 《Zoology (Jena, Germany)》2006,109(3):196-207
The renal morphology of 24 species of mormoopid and phyllostomid bats feeding on six different diets was examined to test evolutionary changes in several structural traits presumably led by dietary shifts from ancestral insectivorous diets. The kidneys of a fish-eating vespertilionid and an insect-eating emballonurid were also examined but not included in the phylogenetic comparison. The length, width, and breadth of the kidneys were used to calculate relative medullary thickness (RMT). Tissues were processed for stereological analysis, and the volumes of the kidney, nephron components, and vasculature were determined. RMT did not correlate with body mass in either animal-eating or plant-eating phyllostomid and mormoopid bats. The shift from insectivory to frugivory and nectarivory was accompanied by a reduction in RMT, a reduction in the percent of renal medulla, and an increase in the percent of renal cortex. No changes in these traits were observed in bats that shifted to carnivorous, omnivorous or sanguinivorous habits. No changes were observed in renal vasculature, in the percentage of cortical and medullary nephron components or of capillaries surrounding the nephrons in any feeding group. Vespertilionid and emballonurid species had similar values in all traits examined as compared to insectivorous phyllostomids and mormoopids. Our data suggest that diet does not influence a single area of the nephron, but rather the entire nephron such that the relative amounts of renal cortex and medulla are affected. 相似文献
76.
The NHERF1 PDZ2 domain regulates PKA-RhoA-p38-mediated NHE1 activation and invasion in breast tumor cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Molecular biology of the cell》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Cardone RA Bellizzi A Busco G Weinman EJ Dell'Aquila ME Casavola V Azzariti A Mangia A Paradiso A Reshkin SJ 《Molecular biology of the cell》2007,18(5):1768-1780
Understanding the signal transduction systems governing invasion is fundamental for the design of therapeutic strategies against metastasis. Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF1) is a postsynaptic density 95/disc-large/zona occludens (PDZ) domain-containing protein that recruits membrane receptors/transporters and cytoplasmic signaling proteins into functional complexes. NHERF1 expression is altered in breast cancer, but its effective role in mammary carcinogenesis remains undefined. We report here that NHERF1 overexpression in human breast tumor biopsies is associated with metastatic progression, poor prognosis, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression. In cultured tumor cells, hypoxia and serum deprivation increase NHERF1 expression, promote the formation of leading-edge pseudopodia, and redistribute NHERF1 to these pseudopodia. This pseudopodial localization of NHERF1 was verified in breast biopsies and in three-dimensional Matrigel culture. Furthermore, serum deprivation and hypoxia stimulate the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger, invasion, and activate a protein kinase A (PKA)-gated RhoA/p38 invasion signal module. Significantly, NHERF1 overexpression was sufficient to induce these morphological and functional changes, and it potentiated their induction by serum deprivation. Functional experiments with truncated and binding groove-mutated PDZ domain constructs demonstrated that NHERF1 regulates these processes through its PDZ2 domain. We conclude that NHERF1 overexpression enhances the invasive phenotype in breast cancer cells, both alone and in synergy with exposure to the tumor microenvironment, via the coordination of PKA-gated RhoA/p38 signaling. 相似文献
77.
78.
Torella D Leosco D Indolfi C Curcio A Coppola C Ellison GM Russo VG Torella M Li Volti G Rengo F Chiariello M 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2004,287(6):H2850-H2860
Many older patients, because of their high prevalence of coronary artery disease, are candidates for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), but the effects of vascular aging on restenosis after PCI are not yet well understood. Balloon injury to the right carotid artery was performed in adult and old rats. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, apoptotic cell death, together with Akt induction, telomerase activity, p27kip1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was assessed in isolated arteries. Neointima hyperplasia and vascular remodeling along with endothelial cell regeneration were also measured after balloon injury. Arteries isolated from old rats exhibited a significant reduction of VSMC proliferation and an increase in apoptotic death after balloon injury when compared with adult rats. In the vascular wall of adult rats, balloon dilation induced Akt phosphorylation, and this was barely present in old rats. In arteries from old rats, Akt-modulated cell cycle check points like telomerase activity and p27kip1 expression were decreased and increased, respectively, compared with adults. After balloon injury, old rats showed a significant reduction of neointima formation and an increased vascular negative remodeling compared with adults. These results were coupled by a marked delay in endothelial regeneration in aged rats, partially mediated by a decreased eNOS expression and phosphorylation. Interestingly, chronic administration of L-arginine prevented negative remodeling and improved reendothelialization after balloon injury in aged animals. A decreased neointimal proliferation, an impaired endothelial regeneration, and an increase in vascular remodeling after balloon injury were observed in aged animals. The molecular mechanisms underlying these responses seem to be a reduced Akt and eNOS activity. 相似文献
79.
Belcastro V Gregoretti F Siciliano V Santoro M D'Angelo G Oliva G di Bernardo D 《IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics / IEEE, ACM》2012,9(3):668-678
Regulation of gene expression is a carefully regulated phenomenon in the cell. “Reverse-engineering” algorithms try to reconstruct the regulatory interactions among genes from genome-scale measurements of gene expression profiles (microarrays). Mammalian cells express tens of thousands of genes; hence, hundreds of gene expression profiles are necessary in order to have acceptable statistical evidence of interactions between genes. As the number of profiles to be analyzed increases, so do computational costs and memory requirements. In this work, we designed and developed a parallel computing algorithm to reverse-engineer genome-scale gene regulatory networks from thousands of gene expression profiles. The algorithm is based on computing pairwise Mutual Information between each gene-pair. We successfully tested it to reverse engineer the Mus Musculus (mouse) gene regulatory network in liver from gene expression profiles collected from a public repository. A parallel hierarchical clustering algorithm was implemented to discover “communities” within the gene network. Network communities are enriched for genes involved in the same biological functions. The inferred network was used to identify two mitochondrial proteins. 相似文献
80.