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An infestation of a sooty tern colony on Bird Island, Seychelles, with the ixodid tick Amblovomma loculosum was studied during visits to the colony in 1993 to 1995. During the infestation, adult ticks were numerous during the birds' incubation, larvae were abundant when young chicks were present, and there was some evidence that nymphs were found when older chicks were present. The life cycle of the tick appeared closely synchronized with that of its host. Following a breeding failure of the sooty terns, caused by adverse weather in August-September 1994, few adult ticks were found during the birds' breeding season of 1995, suggesting that the absence of chicks late in the 1994 breeding season led to starvation of the ticks and their failure to survive their diapause until the onset of the birds' next breeding season. 相似文献
94.
OBJECTIVES: To test whether Asian general practitioners who qualified in the Indian subcontinent prescribe items more often, more expensive items, and fewer generic drugs than their British trained Asian and non-Asian counterparts. DESIGN: Linkage study using data collected by questionnaire and from routine sources. SETTING: General practices in England. SUBJECTS: 155 single handed general practitioners: 42 Asian doctors qualified in United Kingdom (group 1), 58 white doctors qualified in United Kingdom (group 2), and 55 Asian doctors qualified in Indian subcontinent (group 3). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prescribing cost (cost per ASTRO-PU), prescribing frequency (number of items per ASTRO-PU), and generic prescribing (percentage of drugs prescribed that are generic). RESULTS: Doctors in group 1 were significantly younger than those in the other groups and had a higher proportion of patients who were from deprived wards. There was no difference between the groups in the proportion of female doctors and total list size. After adjustment for confounding factors, there were no significant differences between the three groups for prescribing cost (16.58 (95% confidence interval 6.39 to 26.77) for group 1, 17.31 (6.92 to 27.69) for group 2, 17.80 (7.22 to 28.38) for group 3, P = 0.55); prescribing frequency (6.58 (4.60 to 8.40), 6.45 (4.70 to 8.30), 7.89 (6.16 to 9.64), P = 0.34); and generic prescribing (44.44 (38.95 to 49.93), 47.41 (42.12 to 52.70), 44.04 (38.75 to 49.33), P = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS: Asian doctors qualified from the Indian subcontinent did not differ from British trained doctors in their prescribing practice. This study refutes the common belief that Asian doctors are high volume and high cost prescribers. 相似文献
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Molecular-genetic maps for group 1 chromosomes of Triticeae species and their relation to chromosomes in rice and oat 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
A E Deynze J C Nelson M E Sorrells S R McCouch J Dubcovsky J Dvorák K S Gill B S Gill E S Lagudah R Appels 《Génome》1995,38(1):45-59
Group 1 chromosomes of the Triticeae tribe have been studied extensively because many important genes have been assigned to them. In this paper, chromosome 1 linkage maps of Triticum aestivum, T. tauschii, and T. monococcum are compared with existing barley and rye maps to develop a consensus map for Triticeae species and thus facilitate the mapping of agronomic genes in this tribe. The consensus map that was developed consists of 14 agronomically important genes, 17 DNA markers that were derived from known-function clones, and 76 DNA markers derived from anonymous clones. There are 12 inconsistencies in the order of markers among seven wheat, four barley, and two rye maps. A comparison of the Triticeae group 1 chromosome consensus map with linkage maps of homoeologous chromosomes in rice indicates that the linkage maps for the long arm and the proximal portion of the short arm of group 1 chromosomes are conserved among these species. Similarly, gene order is conserved between Triticeae chromosome 1 and its homoeologous chromosome in oat. The location of the centromere in rice and oat chromosomes is estimated from its position in homoeologous group 1 chromosomes of Triticeae. 相似文献
97.
Interspecies recombination In nature: a meningococcus that has acquired a gonococcal PIB porin 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Julio A- Vázquez Sonsoles Berron Maria O'Rourke Gill Carpenter Edward Feil Noel H. Smith Brian G. Spratt 《Molecular microbiology》1995,15(6):1001-1007
A. vaginal isolate of Neisseria has been reported to resemble Neisseria meningitidis in biochemical characteristics but to react with serological reagents that are specific to the PI porin from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We have confirmed that this isolate has the biochemical attributes of a meningococcus and have shown that it clusters among meningococcal Isolates on a dendrogram based on isoenzyme variation within housekeeping enzymes from populations of N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. Furthermore, the sequences of the fbp and adk genes were typical of those of N. meningitidis and were distinct from those of N. gonorrhoeae. However, the porB gene was very similar to the por genes of N. gonorrhoeae isolates that express the PIB class of outer-membrane porin (differing from one gonococcal por allele at only a single nucleotide site), and was clearly distinct from the porB genes of N. meningitidis. The isolate therefore appears to be a typical meningococcus, except that its porB gene has been replaced with the por gene from a gonococcus. 相似文献
98.
Summary Batch cultures of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica were grown in minimal medium with olive oil as carbon source. Inocula of glucose-grown cells commenced growth with little lag at rates largely unaffected by variations in the stirring rate or oil concentration. However, growth rates declined when the medium pH was below 7.0. In all cultures, media pH declined with increasing cell concentration. Cell composition during exponential growth was 42% protein and 2% fat. Carbon-limited cells maintained this composition after oil exhaustion but during nitrogen- and oxygen-limited growth, protein content decreased and fat content increased although the protein decrease was only transient with oxygen limitation. Yield coefficients for triglyceride were near unity for all cultures. Free acid concentrations rose rapidly after inoculation. As fermentations progressed, free glycerol appeared and concentrations of di- and monoglycerides passed through maximal values although peak concentrations of di- and monoglycerides persisted for extended times in oxygen- and nitrogen-limited cultures respectively. The fraction of free glycerol consumed was greater in oxygen-limited than in carbon- or nitrogen-limited culture. The basic requirements for growth of yeasts on fatty wastes are discussed with reference to these observations. 相似文献
99.
High Levels of Resistance in Agropyron Species to Barley Yellow Dwarf and Wheat Streak Mosaic Viruses 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Several Agropyron species were tested for new sources of resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (Bydv ) and wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). With BYDV strain PAV, 11 of the 17 Agropyron species showed no virus transmission when plants were given access feed by viruliferous Rhopalosiphum padi. Similar trials with BYDV strain RMV (vectored by R. maidis) indicated that all plants, except susceptible control plants, remained virus free. Virus status was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. When plants were mechanically inoculated with WSMV, 11 Agropyron species failed to express symptoms, while five other species showed a segregating response or had some accessions segregating and some resistant. Test results suggest that resistance to BYDV and WSMV in Agropyron species does not appear to be correlated with any specific genome of Agropyron species although most of the Agropyron species containing S genome were resistant to BYDV and WSMV. 相似文献
100.
By the Giemsa C-banding of six rye (Secale cereale) trisomics and by crossing them to translocation tester stocks it was possible to identify the trisomics and the tester stocks so that their correspondence to the wheat homoeologous groups could be established. The Heines Hellkorn trisomics 1/23, 4/11, 4/9, 1/19, 1/21 and 3/23 were found to correspond to Sears' Chinese Spring/Imperial additions E, G, C, A, F and D respectively. These additions most probably correspond to the wheat homoeologous groups 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. 相似文献