全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11898篇 |
免费 | 834篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 121篇 |
2022年 | 215篇 |
2021年 | 434篇 |
2020年 | 314篇 |
2019年 | 400篇 |
2018年 | 456篇 |
2017年 | 415篇 |
2016年 | 546篇 |
2015年 | 715篇 |
2014年 | 743篇 |
2013年 | 851篇 |
2012年 | 961篇 |
2011年 | 852篇 |
2010年 | 539篇 |
2009年 | 455篇 |
2008年 | 559篇 |
2007年 | 535篇 |
2006年 | 464篇 |
2005年 | 407篇 |
2004年 | 374篇 |
2003年 | 346篇 |
2002年 | 291篇 |
2001年 | 213篇 |
2000年 | 188篇 |
1999年 | 164篇 |
1998年 | 49篇 |
1997年 | 61篇 |
1996年 | 52篇 |
1995年 | 38篇 |
1994年 | 45篇 |
1993年 | 44篇 |
1992年 | 90篇 |
1991年 | 62篇 |
1990年 | 52篇 |
1989年 | 59篇 |
1988年 | 52篇 |
1987年 | 64篇 |
1986年 | 49篇 |
1985年 | 46篇 |
1984年 | 50篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 27篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 34篇 |
1978年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 21篇 |
1975年 | 29篇 |
1974年 | 22篇 |
1973年 | 28篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
991.
Murine Schistosoma mansoni infection is related to an increased contraction of portal vein in response to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The present study addressed a putative alteration of ion channels and enzymes involved in vascular contraction. In control group, either inhibition of K+ channels sensitive to ATP (K(ATP)) or Ca2+ (BK(Ca)) increased 5-HT-induced contraction, but the same did not occur in infected mice. On the other hand, inhibition of p38 MAP kinase markedly decreased the vascular contraction to 5-HT in the infected mice with minor effects in the control group. Accordingly, we observed a higher density of phospho-p38 MAP kinase, that refers to the fully active state of the enzyme, in portal veins from infected mice as compared to control animals. These results suggest that the reduced function of K(ATP) and BK(Ca) channels along with an increased contribution of p38 MAP kinase contribute to the increased contraction of portal veins to 5-HT observed in murine schistosomiasis. 相似文献
992.
Freshwater finfish species richness and level of endemism in East, and South and South‐East Asia that included 17 nations were studied using available databases, and included nation‐wise distribution, habitat types, and conservation status. The number of endemic finfish species in the region was 559, belonging to 47 families. Families Cyprinidae and Balitoridae accounted for 43.5% and 16.2% of the total number of endemic species in the region, respectively, followed by Sisoridae (25), Gobiidae (20), Melanotaeniidae (19), and Bagridae (16), and the other 41 families had at least one endemic species. Nation‐wise the most number of endemic freshwater finfish species occur in India (191), followed by China (88), Indonesia (84), and Myanmar (60). In India, the endemic species accounted for 26.4% of the native freshwater fish fauna, followed by South Korea (16.9%), the Philippines, (16.3%) and Myanmar (15.7%). Statistically significant relationships discerned between the number of indigenous and endemic species richness to land area (Xla in 103 km2) of the nations in the region were, Yin = 218.961 Ln(Xla) – 843.1 (R2 = 0.735; P < 0.001) and Ye = 28.445 Ln Xla?134.47 (R2 = 0.534; P < 0.01), respectively, and between indigenous and endemic species richness was Ye = 0.079Xn? 1.558 (R2 = 0.235; P < 0.05). The overall conservation status of endemic finfish in Asia was satisfactory in that only 92 species were in some state of vulnerability, of which 37 species (6.6%) are endangered or critically endangered. However, the bulk of these species (83.7%) were cave‐ and or lake‐dwelling fish. However, nation‐wise, the endemic freshwater finfish fauna of the Philippines and Sri Lanka, based on the imperilment index, were found to be in a highly vulnerable state. Among river basins, the Mekong Basin had the highest number of endemic species (31.3%). The discrepancies between databases are highlighted and the need to consolidate information among databases is discussed. It is suggested that the Mekong Basin be considered as a biodiversity hotspot, and appropriate management strategies be introduced in this regard. 相似文献
993.
dos Santos SG Diniz CG da Silva VL Souza NC de Lima FL Bomfim MR de Carvalho MA Farias LM 《Journal of applied microbiology》2007,103(4):882-891
AIM: This study focuses on investigating the molecular and physiological characteristics of Prevotella intermedia after molecular oxygen exposure (MOE) and the effect on drug susceptibility patterns. METHODS AND RESULTS: Samples of P. intermedia were used as parent strains: ATCC25611 and four clinical isolates. Strains adapted to oxidative stress by MOS were obtained by the enrichment technique. Drug susceptibility was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) using agar dilution. Arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was used to evaluate the genetic diversity of all strains and physiological analyses were made by sodiumdodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two-dimensional electrophoresis of crude, cell-free extracts. The genetic profile showed that lineages with altered MIC values were selected after MOE. Overall, we found significant decrease in drug susceptibility for the aero-strains against all tested antimicrobials (amoxicillin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, ertapenen and metronidazole). We also observed markedly different protein expression patterns between the parent and selected aero-strains. CONCLUSIONS: MOE induces changes in the genetic profile and protein expression patterns of P. intermedia that may also be linked to its drug resistance mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The effects of MOE on anaerobic bacterial physiology and behaviour may influence antimicrobial susceptibility patterns with potential consequences to antimicrobial chemotherapy. 相似文献
994.
Pereira P Vinadé E Rodrigues L De David e Silva TL Ardenghi P da Silva Brum LF Gonçalves CA Izquierdo I 《Neurochemical research》2007,32(7):1150-1155
The participation of protein serine/threonine kinases in memory formation and retrieval is well established. In contrast,
relatively little is known on the role of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). Previous work showed that intra-hippocampal infusion
of the Src-PTK inhibitor radicicol inhibits memory acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval of one-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance
task. In this study, we investigated the possible interaction between levels of Src-PTK activity in hippocampus and memory acquisition, formation, and retrieval of this task. Radicicol (0.5 μg/ml) was infused
into the CA1 region of the hippocampus of rats trained in a one-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance task. Radicicol infused
15 min before training decreased Src-PTK activity, as measured 0, 1.5, and 24 h after training, and impaired memory acquisition of the task. When given immediately
after training, there was a decrease in Src-PTK activity 1.5 h, but not 0 or 24 h after training. This treatment depressed memory consolidation. Radicicol infused into
CA1 10 min prior to retrieval testing inhibited hippocampal Src-PTK activity, as measured immediately after the test session. The results suggest that Src-PTKs participate in memory acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval processes, but the timing of the role of the enzyme
is different in each case. 相似文献
995.
The accumulation of storage lipids during the biodegradation of 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane (phytane) by Mycobacterium ratisbonense strain SD4 grown under nitrogen-starved conditions was investigated. Detailed chemical analysis of intracellular metabolites revealed the existence of (at least) three different pathways for the catabolism of phytane, and the accumulation of significant proportions (39% of the total lipids) of several isoprenoid wax esters formed by condensation of oxidation products of the hydrocarbon. In contrast, triacylglycerols but no wax esters were accumulated by strain SD4 grown on hexadecane, the unbranched homologue of phytane. 相似文献
996.
997.
P. Catry M. C. Silva S. MacKay A. Campos J. Masello P. Quillfeldt I. J. Strange 《Polar Biology》2007,30(3):391-394
Small burrowing petrels nesting on islands rarely survive introductions of mammalian predators. On New Island, a population
of around two million pairs of thin-billed prions nests despite the presence of introduced ship rats, house mice and feral
cats. Understanding the mechanisms of such coexistence is important, as it is important to establish a baseline for future
monitoring. To do this, prion breeding success was determined for 7 years and in several habitats. Breeding success was high,
except for the small fraction of the population that nests in tussock Poa flabellata stands, where several lines of evidence suggest significant predation by rats. Such high breeding success possibly resulted
from predator swamping in this highly seasonal environment. This study suggests that introduced mammals do not currently depress
thin-billed prion breeding success on New Island. However, cats and rodents might have future harmful effects if external
factors depressed the prion population or allow a significant population growth of predators on New Island. 相似文献
998.
Amarildo Emanuel Correia Jordão Bruno Cogliati Bernard Ernesto Jensch-Junior Leandro Nogueira Pressinotti Osório Miguel Parra Francisco Javier Hernandez-Blazquez José Roberto Machado Cunha da Silva 《Polar Biology》2007,30(3):387-390
The Notothenia coriiceps liver is commonly infected with parasites, reducing the hepatic mass and inducing the regeneration. In order to better understand
the effect of nutrient influx on hepatic regeneration at 0°C, a usual mammal hepatotrophic factor (HF) solution was injected
into ten fish (HF group), while ten fish were injected with saline solution (control), twice a day, for 15 days. The liver
and carcass weight were measured, and samples were obtained for histological studies. The HF group presented a higher liver/carcass
weight (62.5%) than control group. This increase in liver mass was due mainly to hepatocytes hypertrophy, including nuclear
size increase and cytoplasmic inclusions of glycogen. Hyperplasia is also observed, although to a lesser extent. The hepatic
reaction to HF in Antarctic fish was here demonstrated for the first time, helping to understand the liver response to seasonal
nutrient. 相似文献
999.
de Moura SA de Sousa JM Lima DF Negreiros AN Silva Fde V da Costa LJ 《Gerodontology》2007,24(3):173-176
Objective: The aim of the present study was to analyse the characteristics of salivary production and its composition in individuals with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Study Design: Salivary flow rate, concentrations of potassium, iron, chloride, thiocyanate, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, glucose, total protein and urea, as well as the expression profile of salivary proteins were analysed by SDS‐PAGE. Results: The mean salivary flow rate among control patients was lower than that of BMS patients. Chloride, phosphorus and potassium levels were elevated in patients with BMS (p = 0.041, 0.001 and 0.034, respectively). Total salivary protein concentration was reduced in individuals with BMS (p = 0.223). Analysis of the expression of salivary proteins by Coomassie blue SDS‐PAGE revealed a lower expression of low molecular weight proteins in individuals with BMS compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: These results indicate that the identification and characterisation of low molecular weight salivary proteins in BMS may be important in understanding BMS pathogenesis, thus contributing to its diagnosis and treatment. 相似文献
1000.
Pereira L Gonçalves J Franco-Duarte R Silva J Rocha T Arnold C Richards M Macaulay V 《Molecular biology and evolution》2007,24(3):868-874
The first complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences (approximately 16,569 bp) in 20 patients with asthenozoospermia and a comparison with 23 new complete mtDNA sequences in teratoasthenozoospermic individuals, confirmed no sharing of specific polymorphisms or specific mitochondrial lineages between these individuals. This is strong evidence against the accepted claim of a major role played by mtDNA in male fertility, once supported by haplogroup association studies based on the screening of hypervariable region I. The hypothesis of maternally driven selection acting in male reproductive success must thus be treated with caution. 相似文献