铅污染现状及其修复机理研究进展

介绍了铅污染的现状、修复机理及存在的问题。其中重点阐述了国内在寻找铅的超累积植物的研究进展,国外研究者对铅在植物体内吸收、运输和储存机理方面的研究现状,同时对已发现的与铅污染有关的基因以及转基因技术的应用情况进行了简单介绍,并探讨了提高铅污染修复效率的一些方法。     

胃息肉与幽门螺杆菌感染关系研究

目的探讨胃息肉与幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori）感染关系。方法对1218例胃息肉同时进行H．pylori检查患者进行回顾性分析,分析胃息肉患者H.pylori感染率、胃息肉部位与H.pylori感染关系、胃息肉病理类型与H.pylori感染关系。结果发现胃息肉Hpylori感染患者532例,Hpylori感染率为43．7％。男性胃息肉患者H.pylori感染率为47．5％（216／455）,女性Hpriori感染率感染率为41．4％（316／763）（P〉0．05）,年龄〈20岁、20～39岁、40—59岁和≥60岁胃息肉H.priori感染率分别为41．7％、44．7％、41．6％和47．2％（P〉0．05）;胃窦胃角息肉H.pylori感染率高于其他部位（胃体、胃底和贲门）（P〈0．05）;炎性和增生性胃息肉H.priori感染率高于胃底腺和腺瘤性息肉（P〈0．05）。结论H.pylori感染可能与部分胃息肉发生有一定关系,需要进一步深入研究胃息肉的发生机制。     

中国红豆杉细胞紫杉醇合成期与非紫杉醇合成期基因表达差异初步分析

紫杉醇 (Ｐａｃｌｉｔａｘｅｌ,商品名为Ｔａｘｏｌ)是存在于红豆杉属(Ｔａｘｕｓｓｐ .)植物中的一种四环二萜酰胺类化合物 ,因其具有广谱强效的抗癌活性和独特的抗癌机理而倍受人们关注。然而 ,紫杉醇天然资源十分有限 ,自 1992年美国食品与药物管理局 (ＦＤＡ)批准紫杉醇用于癌症的临床治疗以来 ,其供需矛盾日益尖锐[1 ] 。目前 ,普遍认为采用红豆杉细胞悬浮培养生产紫杉醇是解决其药源紧缺问题的最佳途径之一。迄今为止 ,在红豆杉细胞的代谢规律和培养方面均取得一定成果 ,但前景仍不容乐观 ,离工业化大规模生产还有相当大的距离 ,主要…     

A spatial analytical approach for selecting reintroduction sites for burbot in English rivers

1. Availability of suitable habitat is a prerequisite for species reintroduction success, and to ensure population persistence, investigations of a species’ habitat utilisation throughout its life history should be conducted as part of a feasibility study. 2. Habitat utilisation models for burbot, Lota lota, developed using data from field studies conducted in France and Germany and information from the literature were used to assess the feasibility of reintroducing burbot into rivers of its former native range in eastern England. 3. Per cent tree roots, aquatic vegetation and flow types were important predictors of adult burbot abundance. Furthermore, the habitat utilisation models were supplemented with information from the literature, which suggested that off‐channel habitat such as wetlands and backwaters is important for spawning and nursery stages. 4. An assessment of the habitat availability in the rivers of the burbot’s former native range using variables related to spawning and nursery and adult life stages showed that although adult habitat was widely distributed, the availability of spawning and nursery habitat was less abundant, potentially limiting successful reestablishment. 5. Potential suitable habitat was concentrated in the central and southern areas of the species’ former English distribution. Overall, rivers of the burbot’s former range potentially afford suitable habitat to sustain a reintroduced population. However, sites should be preferentially selected on the basis of having appropriate spawning and nursery areas.     

穿山甲主要食物营养成分研究

穿山甲（Ｍａｎｉｓｐｅｎｔａｄａｃｔｙｌａ）为国家Ⅱ级保护动物,主要分布于长江以南各省区的丘陵山地。由于穿山甲被视为滋补和药用珍品,又无有效的保护措施,遭到乱捕滥猎;加上山地林木被砍伐,使穿山甲的衍生地不断减少,目前各地区穿山甲资源都面临绝境。因此,研究穿山甲的繁衍已十分必要和迫切。近年来,许多学者进行过人工养殖的研究（顾文仪,１９８３;梁庭敏,１９９６）,但迄今均没有完全成功的先例,其中关键的因素是穿山甲的人工食物难以解决。配制的人工混合饲料,往往造成穿山甲拒食或不适应,患胃肠疾病死亡。因此,…     

Loss of G protein gamma 7 alters behavior and reduces striatal alpha(olf) level and cAMP production

The G protein beta gamma-dimer is required for receptor interaction and effector regulation. However, previous approaches have not identified the physiologic roles of individual subtypes in these processes. We used a gene knockout approach to demonstrate a unique role for the G protein gamma(7)-subunit in mice. Notably, deletion of Gng7 caused behavioral changes that were associated with reductions in the alpha(olf)-subunit content and adenylyl cyclase activity of the striatum. These data demonstrate that an individual gamma-subunit contributes to the specificity of a given signaling pathway and controls the formation or stability of a particular G protein heterotrimer.     

Neuropilin-2 is required in vivo for selective axon guidance responses to secreted semaphorins

Neuropilins are receptors for class 3 secreted semaphorins, most of which can function as potent repulsive axon guidance cues. We have generated mice with a targeted deletion in the neuropilin-2 (Npn-2) locus. Many Npn-2 mutant mice are viable into adulthood, allowing us to assess the role of Npn-2 in axon guidance events throughout neural development. Npn-2 is required for the organization and fasciculation of several cranial nerves and spinal nerves. In addition, several major fiber tracts in the brains of adult mutant mice are either severely disorganized or missing. Our results show that Npn-2 is a selective receptor for class 3 semaphorins in vivo and that Npn-1 and Npn-2 are required for development of an overlapping but distinct set of CNS and PNS projections.     

浦东滩涂中型土壤动物群落结构及土质酸碱度生物评价分析

1999年,对上海浦东滩涂4类不同酸碱度土壤中的中型土壤动物进行了调查。应用物种丰富度,个体数多度,多样性指数和均匀度4个群落参数,并结合种类研究,讨论了土壤动物群落结构与不同酸碱度土壤的关系。结果表明,土壤中弹尾目和蜱螨目对不同酸碱度土壤反应敏感。弹尾目的3个群落参数和蜱螨目的4个参数均很好地反映与土壤反应敏感。弹尾目的3个群落参数和蜱螨目的4个参数均很好地反映与土壤pH的关系,相关系数分别在0．9以上和0．85左右,在pH相差较大的情况下,可以区分不同酸碱度的土壤。弹尾目的符Tao(Paranura sp.)可用于评价酸碱度较接近的土壤,球角Tao(Hypogastrura sp.）可用于评价酸碱度相差较大,高pH或环境条件较恶劣的土壤。