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排序方式: 共有265条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Vasiliki Daraki Vaggelis Georgiou Stathis Papavasiliou Georgia Chalkiadaki Marianna Karahaliou Stella Koinaki Katerina Sarri Maria Vassilaki Manolis Kogevinas Leda Chatzi 《PloS one》2015,10(5)
ContextMaternal pre-pregnancy obesity may increase the risk of childhood obesity but it is unknown whether other metabolic factors in early pregnancy such as lipid profile and hypertension are associated with offspring cardiometabolic traits.ObjectiveOur objective was to investigate whether fasting lipid, glucose, and insulin levels during early pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy weight status, are associated with offspring adiposity measures, lipid levels and blood pressure at preschool age.ResultsPre-pregnancy overweight/obesity was associated with greater risk of offspring overweight/obesity (RR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.19, 2.81), central adiposity (RR: 1.97, 95%CI: 1.11, 3.49), and greater fat mass by 5.10mm (95%CI: 2.49, 7.71) at 4 years of age. These associations were more pronounced in girls. An increase of 40mg/dl in fasting serum cholesterol levels in early pregnancy was associated with greater skinfold thickness by 3.30mm (95%CI: 1.41, 5.20) at 4 years of age after adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI and several other confounders. An increase of 10mmHg in diastolic blood pressure in early pregnancy was associated with increased risk of offspring overweight/obesity (RR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.45), and greater skinfold thickness by 1.71mm (95% CI: 0.57, 2.86) at 4 years of age.ConclusionsMetabolic dysregulation in early pregnancy may increase the risk of obesity at preschool age. 相似文献
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Ingrid Sofia Vieira de Melo Aldenir Feitosa dos Santos Telma Leda Gomes de Lemos Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart Ant?nio Euzébio Goulart Santana 《PloS one》2015,10(6)
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) are the result of post-translational changes to proteins, which ultimately compromise their structure and/or function. The identification of methods to prevent the formation of these compounds holds great promise in the development of alternative therapies for diseases such as diabetes. Plants used in traditional medicine are often rich sources of anti-glycation agents. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-glycation activity of one such compound, Oncocalyxone A (Onco A). Using spectrofluorimetric techniques, we determined that Onco A inhibits AGE formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Its IC50 value (87.88 ± 3.08 μM) was almost two times lower than the standard anti-glycation compound aminoguanidine (184.68 ± 4.85 μM). The excellent anti-glycation activity of Onco A makes it an exciting candidate for the treatment of diseases associated with excessive accumulation of AGE. However, additional studies are necessary to identify its mechanism of action, as well as the in vivo response in suitable model organisms. 相似文献
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Pedro H. N. Aguiar Carolina Furtado Bruno M. Repolês Grazielle A. Ribeiro Isabela C. Mendes Eduardo F. Peloso Fernanda R. Gadelha Andrea M. Macedo Glória R. Franco Sérgio D. J. Pena Santuza M. R. Teixeira Leda Q. Vieira Alessandra A. Guarneri Luciana O. Andrade Carlos R. Machado 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2013,7(6)
The main consequence of oxidative stress is the formation of DNA lesions, which can result in genomic instability and lead to cell death. Guanine is the base that is most susceptible to oxidation, due to its low redox potential, and 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is the most common lesion. These characteristics make 8-oxoG a good cellular biomarker to indicate the extent of oxidative stress. If not repaired, 8-oxoG can pair with adenine and cause a G:C to T:A transversion. When 8-oxoG is inserted during DNA replication, it could generate double-strand breaks, which makes this lesion particularly deleterious. Trypanosoma cruzi needs to address various oxidative stress situations, such as the mammalian intracellular environment and the triatomine insect gut where it replicates. We focused on the MutT enzyme, which is responsible for removing 8-oxoG from the nucleotide pool. To investigate the importance of 8-oxoG during parasite infection of mammalian cells, we characterized the MutT gene in T. cruzi (TcMTH) and generated T. cruzi parasites heterologously expressing Escherichia coli MutT or overexpressing the TcMTH enzyme. In the epimastigote form, the recombinant and wild-type parasites displayed similar growth in normal conditions, but the MutT-expressing cells were more resistant to hydrogen peroxide treatment. The recombinant parasite also displayed significantly increased growth after 48 hours of infection in fibroblasts and macrophages when compared to wild-type cells, as well as increased parasitemia in Swiss mice. In addition, we demonstrated, using western blotting experiments, that MutT heterologous expression can influence the parasite antioxidant enzyme protein levels. These results indicate the importance of the 8-oxoG repair system for cell viability. 相似文献
85.
Leda N. Kobziar 《Biogeochemistry》2007,84(2):191-206
The need to understand how forest management practices affect soil CO2 exchange with the atmosphere (soil respiration) has increased with the recognition of a likely feedback effect of climate
warming on soil respiration rates. Previous research addressing the mechanisms driving soil respiration has yielded inconsistent
and/or conflicting results. This study looked to alternative above-ground forest characteristics to help explain spatial variability
in soil respiration in a 30-year-old Sierra Nevada pine plantation. Fire hazard mitigation is one of the predominant management
goals in these and other western US forests. Therefore, this analysis examined how fuels treatments, including shredding of
understory vegetation (mastication), prescribed fire, and a combination thereof, affected soil respiration and its relationship
to environmental factors and post-fire tree injuries. Multiple regression models indicated that mastication had no significant
impact on soil respiration, but the roles of soil temperature and forest floor depth (O horizons) in the models increased
after the treatment. Burning reduced soil respiration by ∼14%, and increased its sensitivity to tree proximity and the exposure
of bare mineral soil. Scorch height in burned stands was negatively correlated with soil respiration. Models incorporating
only tree injury or tree proximity parameters explained between 63% and 91% of the variability in burned plantations. This
work suggests that measures of above-ground forest features can increase understanding of management impacts on soil respiration,
and the mechanisms by which these impacts occur. These results are especially applicable in Mediterranean climates, where
moisture stress reduces the effectiveness of soil microclimate in explaining soil respiration. 相似文献
86.
Schwab S Ramos HJ Souza EM Pedrosa FO Yates MG Chubatsu LS Rigo LU 《Archives of microbiology》2007,187(5):379-386
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Alvio Figueredo‐Cardero Edel Martínez Ernesto Chico Leda R. Castilho Ricardo A. Medronho 《Biotechnology progress》2014,30(5):1093-1102
The particle and fluid dynamics in a rotating cylindrical filtration (RCF) system used for animal cell retention in perfusion processes was studied. A validated CFD model was used and the results gave numerical evidence of phenomena that had been earlier claimed, but not proven for this kind of application under turbulent and high mesh permeability conditions, such as bidirectional radial exchange flow (EF) through the filter mesh and particle (cells) lateral migration. Taylor vortices were shown to cause EF 10‐100 times higher than perfusion flow, indicating that EF is the main drag source, at least in early stages of RCF operation. Particle lateral migration caused a cell concentration reduction (CCR) near the filter surface of approximately 10%, contributing significantly to cell separation in RCF systems and giving evidence that the mesh sieving effect is not the sole phenomenon underlying cell retention in RCF systems. Filter rotation rate was shown to significantly affect both EF and CCR. A higher separation efficiency (measured experimentally at 2,000‐L bioreactor scale) and an enhanced CCR (predicted by the numerical simulations) were found for the same rotation rate range, indicating that there is an optimal operational space with practical consequences on RCF performance. Experimental data of a large‐scale perfusion run employing the simulated RCF showed high cell viabilities for over 100 days, which is probably related to the fact that the computed shear stress level in the system was shown to be relatively low (below 20 Pa under all tested conditions). © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:1093–1102, 2014 相似文献
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