全文获取类型
收费全文 | 841篇 |
免费 | 41篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 13篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 16篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 19篇 |
2015年 | 25篇 |
2014年 | 46篇 |
2013年 | 59篇 |
2012年 | 73篇 |
2011年 | 75篇 |
2010年 | 46篇 |
2009年 | 34篇 |
2008年 | 55篇 |
2007年 | 49篇 |
2006年 | 46篇 |
2005年 | 40篇 |
2004年 | 48篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 40篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有882条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
22.
Seed is one of the key factors of crop productivity. Therefore, a comprehension of the mechanisms underlying seed formation in cultivated plants is crucial for the quantitative and qualitative progress of agricultural production. In angiosperms, two pathways of reproduction through seed exist: sexual or amphimictic, and asexual or apomictic; the former is largely exploited by seed companies for breeding new varieties, whereas the latter is receiving continuously increasing attention from both scientific and industrial sectors in basic research projects. If apomixis is engineered into sexual crops in a controlled manner, its impact on agriculture will be broad and profound. In fact, apomixis will allow clonal seed production and thus enable efficient and consistent yields of high-quality seeds, fruits, and vegetables at lower costs. The development of apomixis technology is expected to have a revolutionary impact on agricultural and food production by reducing cost and breeding time, and avoiding the complications that are typical of sexual reproduction (e.g., incompatibility barriers) and vegetative propagation (e.g., viral transfer). However, the development of apomixis technology in agriculture requires a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate reproductive development in plants. This knowledge is a necessary prerequisite to understanding the genetic control of the apomictic process and its deviations from the sexual process. Our molecular understanding of apomixis will be greatly advanced when genes that are specifically or differentially expressed during embryo and embryo sac formation are discovered. In our review, we report the main findings on this subject by examining two approaches: i) analysis of the apomictic process in natural apomictic species to search for genes controlling apomixis and ii) analysis of gene mutations resembling apomixis or its components in species that normally reproduce sexually. In fact, our opinion is that a novel perspective on this old dilemma pertaining to the molecular control of apomixis can emerge from a cross-check among candidate genes in natural apomicts and a high-throughput analysis of sexual mutants. 相似文献
23.
Federico Mussano Alberto Bartorelli Cusani Alessia Brossa Stefano Carossa Gianni Bussolati 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(4):662-671
New approaches in the treatment of skeletal defects may benefit from the use of soluble biological factors. We previously standardized a derivative of bovine colostrum (SBCD), deprived of casein and fat and rich in cytokines. In the present study, we tested its possible use as an adjuvant in bone healing. SBCD contained factors involved in stromal cell stimulation and differentiation and induced cytokine production from stimulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In vitro, SBCD promoted proliferation, migration and, in association with osteogenic factors, osteogenic differentiation of osteoblastic and MSCs. In in vivo experiments of subcutaneous Matrigel injection in mice, SBCD plus hydroxyapatite, but not hydroxyapatite nor SBCD alone, induced recruitment of macrophages and stromal cells. After 60?days, plugs containing SBCD and hydroxyapatite were densely calcified and diffusely positive for osteocalcin, supporting the occurrence of an early osteogenic process. These results indicate that SBCD is a rich source of factors with osteoinductive properties. 相似文献
24.
Michele Tinti Lars Kiemer Stefano Costa Martin L. Miller Francesca Sacco Jesper V. Olsen Martina Carducci Serena Paoluzi Francesca Langone Christopher T. Workman Nikolaj Blom Kazuya Machida Christopher M. Thompson Mike Schutkowski Søren Brunak Matthias Mann Bruce J. Mayer Luisa Castagnoli Gianni Cesareni 《Cell reports》2013,3(4):1293-1305
Highlights? The recognition specificity of 70 SH2 domains is probed ? Recognition specificity diverges faster than sequence ? PepspotDB is a database of protein interactions mediated by SH2 domains 相似文献
25.
Phytotoxic Effects and Phytochemical Fingerprinting of Hydrodistilled Oil,Enriched Fractions,and Isolated Compounds Obtained from Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm. Bark 下载免费PDF全文
Enrico Rolli Matteo Marieschi Silvia Maietti Alessandra Guerrini Alessandro Grandini Gianni Sacchetti Renato Bruni 《化学与生物多样性》2016,13(1):66-76
The hydrodistilled oil of Cryptocarya massoy bark was characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses, allowing the identification of unusual C10 massoia lactone ( 3 , 56.2%), C12 massoia lactone ( 4 , 16.5%), benzyl benzoate ( 1 , 12.7%), C8 massoia lactone (3.4%), δ‐decalactone ( 5 , 1.5%), and benzyl salicylate ( 2 , 1.8%) as main constituents. The phytotoxic activities of the oil, three enriched fractions (lactone‐rich, ester‐rich, and sesquiterpene‐rich), and four constituents (compounds 1, 2, 5 , and δ‐dodecalactone ( 6 )) against Lycopersicon esculentum and Cucumis sativus seeds and seedlings were screened. At a concentration of 1000 μl/l, the essential oil and the massoia lactone‐rich fraction caused a complete inhibition of the germination of both seeds, and, when applied on tomato plantlets, they induced an 85 and 100% dieback, respectively. These performances exceeded those of the well‐known phytotoxic essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum and Cymbopogon citratus, already used in commercial products for the weed and pest management. The same substances were also evaluated against four phytopathogenic bacteria and ten phytopathogenic fungi, providing EC50 values against the most susceptible strains in the 100–500 μl/l range for the essential oil and in the 10–50 μl/l range for compound 6 and the lactone‐rich fraction. The phytotoxic behavior was related mainly to massoia lactones and benzyl esters, while a greater amount of 6 may infer a good activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. Further investigations of these secondary metabolites are warranted, to evaluate their use as natural herbicides. 相似文献
26.
27.
Roberta Ascrizzi Simonetta Maccioni Gianni Bedini Guido Flamini 《Plant biosystems》2019,153(4):538-543
Two populations of Stachys recta growing in Italy on ultramafic and calcareous soils have been studied for their essential oils. Although the yields were comparable, the composition of the essential oils differed significantly. Plants growing on ultramafic soil produced mainly non-terpene derivatives (55.7%), of which the most abundant ones were 1-octen-3-ol (38.2%) and (E)-3-hexen-1-ol (5.9%); the terpenes α-cadinol (6.1%) and δ-cadinene (5.6%) were also significantly represented. In contrast, the populations living on calcareous soil produced an essential oil dominated by terpenes (93.8%), with germacrene D (18.8%), β-caryophyllene (17.7%), 1,8-cineole (15.9%) and α-pinene (14.2%) among the main components. 相似文献
28.
Chi CN Gianni S Calosci N Travaglini-Allocatelli C Engström K Jemth P 《FEBS letters》2007,581(6):1109-1113
An important question in protein folding is whether the folding mechanism is sequence dependent and conserved for homologous proteins. In this work we compared the kinetic folding mechanism of five postsynaptic density protein-95, disc-large tumor suppressor protein, zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domains, sharing similar topology but having different primary structures. Investigation of the different proteins under various experimental conditions revealed that the folding kinetics of each member of the PDZ family can be described by a model with two transition states separated by an intermediate. Moreover, the positions of the two transition states along the reaction coordinate (as given by their beta(T)-values) are fairly constant for the five PDZ domains. 相似文献
29.
A conceptual framework is developed and used for improving the livelihood of Sub-Saharan communities faced with multiple stresses
resulting from adverse environments, vector-transmitted diseases, and limited food. Ecosocial systems are the units for management.
The accumulation of ecological, economic, and social capital is the objective of management, the reduction of maintenance
costs is the key strategy, and technologies must satisfy ecological, economic, and social criteria. Interacting social system
components are communities, facilitators, scientists, and political as well as administrative organizations. An adaptive approach
to management allows flexibility in human and financial resource allocation and results in changes in knowledge and efficacy
of management operations. The implementation strategy at two sites in Ethiopia relies on a two-stage procedure. In Stage 1,
human and cattle health management set the conditions for development. In Stage 2, the ecosocial system is kept on a trajectory
to enhanced ecological, economic, and social capital. In each stage, the assignment of responsibilities leads to four implementation
phases. In Stage 1, successful precision targeting of tsetse and drug-based Trypanosoma spp. control increased the economic and social capital at the Luke site in southwestern Ethiopia but threatened the ecological
capital because of overstocking and land degradation. In Stage 2, a women’s group living in the outskirts of Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)
transformed barren land into a horticultural enterprise to enhance ecosystem service provision, including production of horticultural
goods, and increase soil fertility expressed by nutrients and water availability. This article reviews concepts on human livelihood
improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa and identifies principles that became important during project execution. 相似文献
30.
Chiara Salvesi Stefania Silvi Dennis Fiorini Serena Scortichini Gianni Sagratini Francesco A. Palermo Renato De Leone Nadaniela Egidi Lorella Fatone Carlo Cifani Amedeo Amedei Francesca Scocchera Mara Morici Beatrice Gatto Fausto Mannucci Valerio Valeriani Marco Malavasi Sara Servili Andrea Casula Andrea Cresci Ivano Corradetti Francesco Carpi Matteo Picciolini Maria Magdalena Coman Maria Cristina Verdenelli 《Journal of applied microbiology》2022,133(5):2941-2953