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61.
Orchard S Salwinski L Kerrien S Montecchi-Palazzi L Oesterheld M Stümpflen V Ceol A Chatr-aryamontri A Armstrong J Woollard P Salama JJ Moore S Wojcik J Bader GD Vidal M Cusick ME Gerstein M Gavin AC Superti-Furga G Greenblatt J Bader J Uetz P Tyers M Legrain P Fields S Mulder N Gilson M Niepmann M Burgoon L De Las Rivas J Prieto C Perreau VM Hogue C Mewes HW Apweiler R Xenarios I Eisenberg D Cesareni G Hermjakob H 《Nature biotechnology》2007,25(8):894-898
A wealth of molecular interaction data is available in the literature, ranging from large-scale datasets to a single interaction confirmed by several different techniques. These data are all too often reported either as free text or in tables of variable format, and are often missing key pieces of information essential for a full understanding of the experiment. Here we propose MIMIx, the minimum information required for reporting a molecular interaction experiment. Adherence to these reporting guidelines will result in publications of increased clarity and usefulness to the scientific community and will support the rapid, systematic capture of molecular interaction data in public databases, thereby improving access to valuable interaction data. 相似文献
62.
Targeting farnesoid X receptor for liver and metabolic disorders 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a metabolic nuclear receptor expressed in the liver, intestine, kidney and adipose tissue. By regulating the expression and function of genes involved in bile acid (BA) synthesis, uptake and excretion, FXR has emerged as a key gene involved in the maintenance of cholesterol and BA homeostasis. FXR ligands are currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of cholestasis, dyslipidemic disorders and conditions of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Because activation of FXR impacts a considerable number of genes, development of FXR modulators that selectively regulate specific pathways will limit potentially undesirable side effects. Interaction of FXR with other BAs and xenobiotics sensors such as the constitutive androstane receptor and the pregnane X receptor might allow the development of combination therapies for liver and metabolic disorders. 相似文献
63.
64.
Monica Muratori Lara Tamburrino Sara Marchiani Marta Cambi Biagio Olivito Chiara Azzari Gianni Forti Elisabetta Baldi 《Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)》2015,21(1):109-122
Sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) represents a threat to male fertility, human reproduction and the health of the offspring. The causes of sDF are still unclear, even if apoptosis, oxidative assault and defects in chromatin maturation are hypothesized. Using multicolor flow cytometry and sperm sorting, we challenged the three hypothesized mechanisms by simultaneously evaluating sDF and signs of oxidative damage (8-hydroxy, 2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] and malondialdehyde [MDA]), apoptosis (caspase activity and cleaved poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase [cPARP]) and sperm immaturity (creatine phosphokinase [CK] and excess of residual histones). Active caspases and c-PARP were concomitant with sDF in a high percentage of spermatozoa (82.6% ± 9.1% and 53.5% ± 16.4%, respectively). Excess of residual histones was significantly higher in DNA-fragmented sperm versus sperm without DNA fragmentation (74.8% ± 17.5% and 37.3% ± 16.6%, respectively, p < 0.005), and largely concomitant with active caspases. Conversely, oxidative damage was scarcely concomitant with sDF in the total sperm population, at variance with live sperm, where 8-OHdG and MDA were clearly associated to sDF. In addition, most live cells with active caspase also showed 8-OHdG, suggesting activation of apoptotic pathways in oxidative-injured live cells. This is the first investigation on the origin of sDF directly evaluating the simultaneous presence of the signs of the hypothesized mechanisms with DNA breaks at the single cell level. The results indicate that the main pathway leading to sperm DNA breaks is a process of apoptosis, likely triggered by an impairment of chromatin maturation in the testis and by oxidative stress during the transit in the male genital tract. These findings are highly relevant for clinical studies on the effects of drugs on sDF and oxidative stress in infertile men and for the development of new therapeutic strategies. 相似文献
65.
Performance of a mobile mechanical screen to improve the commercial quality of wood chips for energy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The study analyzed the performance of a mobile screening device for upgrading coarse wood chips to residential user standards, by removing oversize particles and fines. The machine was designed for transportation to forest landings, logistic terminals and plant chip yards. Average productivity was 1.9 oven-dry tons (odt) h−1, corresponding to a screening cost of 28.5 € odt−1. This figure was lower than the price increase obtained by upgrading industrial chips to residential user standards. Hence, screening offered a profit of 4.7 € odt−1, or 16% of the original screening cost. The screening process was capable of upgrading chips from industrial to residential specifications, by reducing the incidence of oversize particles below the 1% critical threshold. Screening also allowed a substantial reduction in the content of fines. A similar effect was not verified for crushed wood, which failed to meet the specifications for residential fuel. 相似文献
66.
Giovanni Malferrari Marialuisa Zedde Gianni De Berti Massimo Maggi Norina Marcello 《BMC neurology》2011,11(1):154
Background
The intracranial localization of large artery disease is recognized as the main cause of ischemic stroke in the world, considering all countries, although its global burden is widely underestimated. Indeed it has been reported more frequently in Asians and African-American people, but the finding of intracranial stenosis as a cause of ischemic stroke is relatively common also in Caucasians. The prognosis of patients with stroke due to intracranial steno-occlusion is strictly dependent on the time of recanalization. Moreover, the course of the vessel involvement is highly dynamic in both directions, improvement or worsening, although several data are derived from the atherosclerotic subtype, compared to other causes. 相似文献67.
Lilia Neri Paola Pittia Gianni Bertolo Danila Torreggiani Giampiero Sacchetti 《Food biophysics》2011,6(2):281-287
Maltodextrins influenced the enzymatic activity in aqueous solutions by affecting the water activity (aw) and mobility as described by viscosity and T’g. In diluted solutions, viscosity being equal, (1) maltodextrin with dextrose
equivalents (DE) of 33 was more effective than glucose in limiting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity; (2) an increase
in the maltodextrin chain length from DE 33 to DE 8.7 did not further limited enzymatic activity; (3) the maltodextrin with
the highest chain length (DE 2.5) determined the highest enzyme inhibition. In general, the increase of molecular weight negatively
affected the HRP activity by increasing the viscosity and T’g (decreasing molecular mobility) but it positively affected the
aw and, in some cases, this compensated the HRP activity inhibition. In concentrated solutions (apparent viscosity ≈ 40 mPa s)
the HRP activity decreased with the increase of the maltodextrin molecular weight, and it showed a dependence on T’g which
could be described by a William, Landel and Ferry (WLF)-type equation. On the contrary, in the solution added with the maltodextrin
with the highest chain length (DE 2.5) the HRP activity was much higher than that predicted by the WLF-type equation. The
maltodextrin with DE 2.5 contains intact starch fragments and in water forms a suspension. In such a discontinuous system,
the viscosity in the vicinity of the protein is lower than the bulk viscosity, and thus, the enzyme activity is higher than
expected. Moreover, since T’g is a property of the soluble phase, it does not explain the mobility in discontinuous systems. 相似文献
68.
Giuliani C Bini LM Papa F Cristalli G Sagratini G Vittori S Lucarini D Maggi F 《化学与生物多样性》2011,8(12):2179-2194
Sideritis italica (Mill.) Greuter et Burdet belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is endemic to Italy. The glandular trichomes (morphology, distribution, histochemistry, and ultrastructure) of the plant were studied for the first time, along with the chemical composition of the essential oils. Abundant non-glandular hairs and peltate (type A) and capitate (types B, C(1), and C(x)) glandular trichomes were observed both on the vegetative and reproductive organs. The histochemical procedures and the ultrastructural investigation enabled specific location of the main site of essential oil production mainly in type-A peltate hairs. Particular emphasis is given to the release mechanism of the secreted material in all of the types of glands, and the potential taxonomic value of the indumentum in the Lamiaceae family is briefly discussed. Essential oils were hydrodistilled from flowering aerial parts of S. italica, and 136 compounds (112 in flowerheads, 79 in vegetative parts) were identified. The quantitative prevalence of diterpenoids (43.4% in flowerheads and 22.3% in vegetative parts) was the most significant characteristic of the essential oil of S. italica that could be classified as a diterpene-rich essential oil according to the classification of Kirimer. 相似文献
69.
The aim of this work was to trap the volatiles released from whole frozen and dry aerial parts, and, separately, from different organs (leaves, stems, corolla and calyx) of bastard balm (Melittis melissophyllum L., Lamiaceae) populations collected in Italy and Slovakia by HS-SPME, and to identify the headspace constituents responsible for the characteristic aroma impression by GC/FID and GC/MS techniques. Among more than 100 volatile components detected, the C(8) alcohol oct-1-en-3-ol, responsible for the typical mushroom-like odor, and the phenolic coumarin, with a characteristic sweet and creamy vanilla bean odor, played a major role in the aroma of whole aerial parts and different plant organ samples. In particular, dry calyx parts could be proposed as flavoring agent in food products as mushroom aroma enhancer. Multivariate chemometric techniques, such as cluster analysis and principal component analysis, were used to characterize the sample populations according to the geographical origin and processing of plant material. 相似文献
70.
IL-6 induced STAT3 signalling is associated with the proliferation of human muscle satellite cells following acute muscle damage 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1