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排序方式: 共有873条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Fabio Palumbo Giulio Galla Nicola Vitulo Gianni Barcaccia 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2018,38(10):122
The development of F1 hybrid varieties benefits from the synergistic effect of conventional and molecular marker-assisted breeding schemes. A sequencing run was carried out in Foeniculum vulgare (2n?=?2x?=?22) to develop the first genome draft and to identify microsatellites suitable for implementing multilocus SSR marker assays. A preliminary cytometric analysis allowed us to estimate the genome size (2C?=?2.64–2.86 pg), equal to about 1.34 Mbp for 1C genome, and to calculate the sequencing coverage (53×). The genome draft assembly into 300,408 scaffolds and its bioinformatic analysis enabled the annotation of coding and non-coding regions across the genome, including 103,306 SSR elements. A total of 100 microsatellites were randomly chosen among those with dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeat motifs and with a repeat motif length?≥?25 times and were preliminarily tested. Of these, 27 SSR markers, classified as suitable for genetic diversity analyses, were efficiently organized in five PCR multiplex assays and validated using a core collection of 100 fennel individuals potentially useful for the development of inbred lines and F1 hybrids. All SSR loci were found to be polymorphic, scoring an observed number of marker alleles Na?=?207 and an average polymorphism information content PIC?=?0.69. The SSR data were used to calculate (i) the degree of homozygosity for the individual inbred lines (0.35?<?Ho?<?0.96), to eventually plan additional selfing or sibling cycles, and (ii) the degree of genetic similarity for all possible pair-wise comparisons between parental inbred lines (GS?=?0.55–0.77), to identify the most divergent combinations for the constitution of experimental F1 hybrids. The integration of genotypic and phenotypic data was useful for implementing guidelines for precision hybrid breeding schemes in fennel. 相似文献
22.
Ogunjimi AA Briant DJ Pece-Barbara N Le Roy C Di Guglielmo GM Kavsak P Rasmussen RK Seet BT Sicheri F Wrana JL 《Molecular cell》2005,19(3):297-308
The conjugation of ubiquitin to proteins involves a cascade of activating (E1), conjugating (E2), and ubiquitin-ligating (E3) type enzymes that commonly signal protein destruction. In TGFbeta signaling the inhibitory protein Smad7 recruits Smurf2, an E3 of the C2-WW-HECT domain class, to the TGFbeta receptor complex to facilitate receptor degradation. Here, we demonstrate that the amino-terminal domain (NTD) of Smad7 stimulates Smurf activity by recruiting the E2, UbcH7, to the HECT domain. A 2.1 A resolution X-ray crystal structure of the Smurf2 HECT domain reveals that it has a suboptimal E2 binding pocket that could be optimized by mutagenesis to generate a HECT domain that functions independently of Smad7 and potently inhibits TGFbeta signaling. Thus, E2 enzyme recognition by an E3 HECT enzyme is not constitutively competent and provides a point of control for regulating the ubiquitin ligase activity through the action of auxiliary proteins. 相似文献
23.
Roberta Ascrizzi Simonetta Maccioni Gianni Bedini Guido Flamini 《Plant biosystems》2019,153(4):538-543
Two populations of Stachys recta growing in Italy on ultramafic and calcareous soils have been studied for their essential oils. Although the yields were comparable, the composition of the essential oils differed significantly. Plants growing on ultramafic soil produced mainly non-terpene derivatives (55.7%), of which the most abundant ones were 1-octen-3-ol (38.2%) and (E)-3-hexen-1-ol (5.9%); the terpenes α-cadinol (6.1%) and δ-cadinene (5.6%) were also significantly represented. In contrast, the populations living on calcareous soil produced an essential oil dominated by terpenes (93.8%), with germacrene D (18.8%), β-caryophyllene (17.7%), 1,8-cineole (15.9%) and α-pinene (14.2%) among the main components. 相似文献
24.
Seed is one of the key factors of crop productivity. Therefore, a comprehension of the mechanisms underlying seed formation in cultivated plants is crucial for the quantitative and qualitative progress of agricultural production. In angiosperms, two pathways of reproduction through seed exist: sexual or amphimictic, and asexual or apomictic; the former is largely exploited by seed companies for breeding new varieties, whereas the latter is receiving continuously increasing attention from both scientific and industrial sectors in basic research projects. If apomixis is engineered into sexual crops in a controlled manner, its impact on agriculture will be broad and profound. In fact, apomixis will allow clonal seed production and thus enable efficient and consistent yields of high-quality seeds, fruits, and vegetables at lower costs. The development of apomixis technology is expected to have a revolutionary impact on agricultural and food production by reducing cost and breeding time, and avoiding the complications that are typical of sexual reproduction (e.g., incompatibility barriers) and vegetative propagation (e.g., viral transfer). However, the development of apomixis technology in agriculture requires a deeper knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate reproductive development in plants. This knowledge is a necessary prerequisite to understanding the genetic control of the apomictic process and its deviations from the sexual process. Our molecular understanding of apomixis will be greatly advanced when genes that are specifically or differentially expressed during embryo and embryo sac formation are discovered. In our review, we report the main findings on this subject by examining two approaches: i) analysis of the apomictic process in natural apomictic species to search for genes controlling apomixis and ii) analysis of gene mutations resembling apomixis or its components in species that normally reproduce sexually. In fact, our opinion is that a novel perspective on this old dilemma pertaining to the molecular control of apomixis can emerge from a cross-check among candidate genes in natural apomicts and a high-throughput analysis of sexual mutants. 相似文献
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Tiberio L Tiberio GA Bardella L Cervi E Cerea K Dreano M Garotta G Fra A Montani N Ferrari-Bravo A Callea F Grigolato P Giulini SM Schiaffonati L 《Cytokine》2006,34(3-4):131-142
Numerous animal studies simulating liver injury have demonstrated that interleukin-6 (IL-6) exerts a protective effect. This study was designed to further analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of IL-6 in a rat model of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. We show that IL-6: (i) at high doses reduces cell damage which occurs in ischemic-reperfused liver, while at low doses displays only a limited protective capacity, (ii) anticipates and enhances hepatocyte compensatory proliferation seen in ischemic-reperfused liver also at a low, more pharmacologically acceptable dose, (iii) sustains the acute phase response which is dampened in ischemic-reperfused liver, (iv) strengthens the heat shock-stress response shown by ischemic-reperfused liver and (v) overcomes the dysfunctions of the unfolding protein response found in ischemic-reperfused liver. We also show that IL-6-enhanced STAT3 activation probably plays a crucial role in the potentiation of the different protective pathways activated in ischemic-reperfused liver. Our data confirm that IL-6 is a potential therapeutic in liver injury of different etiologies and reveal novel mechanisms by which IL-6 sustains liver function after ischemia/reperfusion injury. 相似文献
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29.
Daniele Balducci Ilaria Lazzari Magda Monari Fabio Piccinelli Gianni Porzi 《Amino acids》2010,38(3):829-837
A new and convenient stereocontrolled synthesis of the optically pure (S)-α-methyl,α-amino acids 6(a–d) that exploits the chiral synthon 1,4-N,N-[(S)-1-phenylethyl]-piperazine-2,5-dione (1) is described. The (S)-1-phenylethyl group, bonded to each of the N-atoms of the 2,5-diketopiperazine, acts as a chiral inductor in the first alkylation, while the steric hindrance appears
to be the determining factor of stereocontrol in third and forth alkylation. 相似文献
30.
Pierre Theroux Bernard R Chaitman Leif Erhardt Andreas Jessel Thomas Meinertz Wolf-Ulrich Nickel John S Schroeder Gianni Tognoni Harvey White James T Willerson 《Trials》2000,1(1):59-9