四个与小鼠摄食、摄水量及蛋白质代谢相关基因的功能研究

目的　通过对小鼠摄食、摄水量及蛋白质代谢相关基因的功能研究 ,为今后的营养学和营养疾病学的分子生物学水平研究提供一定的依据。方法　利用反义核酸技术与动物行为学实验方法相结合 ,从动物整体水平上研究与动物膳食和营养代谢相关的基因功能。从课题组以往研究得到的摄食量与对照组有显著差异的基因中选出 4个 ,用BALB c小鼠进行实验。结果　实验结果表明 :D1、Pe和Tr实验组小鼠的摄食量、摄水量与对照组有明显的差异 ,D1和Tr实验组的蛋白质代谢与对照组有明显的差异。D1实验组小鼠的摄食量和摄水量明显高于对照组并呈下降趋势 ,但其表观消化率小于对照组 ,说明其蛋白质代谢功能有所下降 ;Tr实验组小鼠的摄食量和摄水量也明显高于对照组但呈上升趋势 ,其表观消化率大于对照组 ,说明其蛋白质代谢功能有所上升。结论　预测D1基因可能与促进营养代谢功能有关 ,Tr基因可能与抑制营养代谢功能有关。D1、Pe和Tr与移动、痛觉、记忆等其他行为学有相关性 ,P3与其他行为学无相关性。     

葛藤雌雄蕊发育的研究

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜对葛藤的雌雄蕊发育进行观察,结果表明：葛藤雌雄蕊的发育及结构基本上符合蝶形花科的胚胎学特征,其花粉粒为2－细胞型,胚囊发育为蓼型。     

Effect of mastectomy versus mastectomy plus adjuvant ovariectomy on prolactin response to TRH in breast cancer

The endocrine effects of ovariectomy need to be further investigated. The present study was carried out to evaluate the influence of the adjuvant ovariectomy on the mastectomy-induced changes in PRL response to TRH in breast cancer. The study included 34 patients with locally limited breast carcinoma, 18 of whom were treated with radical mastectomy, whereas the other 16 underwent mastectomy plus adjuvant ovariectomy. PRL secretion in response to TRH (200 mcg I.V. as bolus) was evaluated one day before and 7 days after surgery. In patients treated with mastectomy only, PRL increase after TRH was significantly higher after surgery than before. On the contrary, no difference was seen in patients treated with mastectomy plus ovariectomy. This study shows that the adjuvant ovariectomy may block the increase in PRL response to TRH induced by mastectomy in breast cancer.     

科尔沁沙地典型固沙人工林地土壤水分时空特征及其对环境因子的响应

土壤水分时空动态特征对于干旱地区人工林的可持续经营与管理起着至关重要的作用。以位于科尔沁沙地南缘的樟子松和柠条固沙人工林为对象，于2018年11月-2019年11月连续观测了林地0-200 cm土壤剖面的含水量、温度及微气象因子，系统分析了土壤水分的时空变化特征及其对环境因子的响应。研究期内，两种林地土壤水分的季节变化可分为冻结期、补充期、消耗期和稳定期；依据土壤剖面的水分特征可分为易变层、活跃层和稳定层，但两种林地的分层深度有一定差异。在生长季内（5-10月），土壤含水量对大气降雨的响应随着土层深度的增加而减弱；降雨对樟子松人工林0-20 cm层土壤水分的影响极显著（P<0.01），对柠条人工林0-10 cm层的影响极显著（P<0.01）、20-60 cm层显著（P<0.05）。在土壤冻融周期内（2018年11月-2019年4月），两种林地的土壤均表现为"单向冻结"和"双向融化"的特点；土壤温度是影响冻融期内土壤含水量的关键因素，两者呈极显著的指数函数关系；樟子松和柠条人工林土壤的最大冻结深度分别为170 cm和190 cm，前者10 cm土层解冻时间要比后者晚11 d，可能与乔木树冠的遮阴作用有关。潜在蒸散与柠条林0-60 cm层、樟子松林0-20 cm和200 cm层的土壤水分呈极显著相关（P<0.01），而与樟子松林60 cm和160 cm层呈显著相关（P<0.05），这与树木蒸腾和土壤蒸发等综合作用有关。研究表明，由于两种人工林的树种组成、树冠大小、郁闭程度和根系分布等结构特征不同会导致林地土壤水分时空特征的异质性及其对环境因素响应的差异。     

Novel fluorescent triazinobenzimidazole derivatives as probes for labelling human A1 and A2B adenosine receptor subtypes

The expression levels and the subcellular localization of adenosine receptors (ARs) are affected in several pathological conditions as a consequence of changes in adenosine release and metabolism. In this respect, labelled probes able to monitor the AR expression could be a useful tool to investigate different pathological conditions. Herein, novel ligands for ARs, bearing the fluorescent 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) group linked to the N¹ (1,2) or N¹⁰ (3,4) nitrogen of a triazinobenzimidazole scaffold, were synthesized. The compounds were biologically evaluated as fluorescent probes for labelling A₁ and A_2B AR subtypes in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) that express both receptor subtypes. The binding affinity of the synthetized compounds towards the different AR subtypes was determined. The probe 3 revealed a higher affinity to A₁ and A_2B ARs, showing interesting spectroscopic properties, and it was selected as the most suitable candidate to label both AR subtypes in undifferentiated MSCs.Fluorescence confocal microscopy showed that compound 3 significantly labelled ARs on cell membranes and the fluorescence signal was decreased by the cell pre-incubation with the A₁ AR and A_2B AR selective agonists, R-PIA and BAY 60-6583, respectively, thus confirming the specificity of the obtained signal. In conclusion, compound 3 could represent a useful tool to investigate the expression pattern of both A₁ and A_2B ARs in different pathological and physiological processes. Furthermore, these results provide an important basis for the design of new and more selective derivatives able to monitor the expression and localization of each different ARs in several tissues and living cells.     

文冠果花性别分化过程中形态与解剖结构特征和气象因子分析

通过外观形态观察,结合石蜡切片技术,同时检测气象数据,研究了文冠果花性别分化过程外部形态变化、内部解剖结构以及与气象因子之间的对应关系。结果显示：（1）文冠果的雄能花和雌能花在顶、侧花序上的分布差异极显著。（2）2种花在前期的形态结构无差异;雄蕊发育包括花药壁发育和小孢子母细胞时期（20 d）、小孢子发生（11 d）,对应的外部形态分别为芽膨大至露出芽体、花序迅速伸长;雌蕊发育包括胚珠发育（30 d）、大孢子发生（11 d）,对应外部形态为花序伸长、花蕾增大至萼片开裂。（3）雄能花和雌能花在雌、雄配子体形成期出现差异;雄能花大孢子母细胞四分体时期细胞停止分裂,外观为花蕾绿色,横径2.05~4.54 mm,纵径2.99~5.32 mm,此时≥K（生物学零度）有效积温230.6 ℃;雌能花雄蕊发育异常比雄能花雌蕊发育异常出现时间晚4 d。单核花粉粒在有丝分裂期呈液泡化衰败,花蕾横径12.25~18.3 mm,纵径8.3~10.98 mm,此时≥K有效积温264 ℃。研究认为,根据花芽外部形态变化,结合气象因子数据反映花芽内部结构变化,可以判断性别分化时期。研究发现,文冠果2种花都同时具有雌雄蕊,是后期雌雄蕊发育程度不同导致性别分化,故建议从功能角度分别定义为“雌能花”和“雄能花”更准确。     

Biomarkers of toxicity in Clarias gariepinus exposed to sublethal concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Physiological, biochemical and histological indices in Clarias gariepinus broodstock, and teratogenic indices in embryos exposed to sublethal concentrations of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene were investigated in 2014 using a static-renewal bioassay protocol. Phenanthrene (1.41 mg l^?1) was the most toxic, followed by pyrene (1.53 mg l^?1) and naphthalene (7.21 mg l^?1), based on 96 h LC50 values. Hepatosomatic indices were significantly higher in naphthalene- and pyrene-treated males compared with solvent controls, whereas fecundity in females was significantly lower by factors of 2.4 (naphthalene), 2.8 (phenanthrene) and 2.4 (pyrene), compared with controls. Catalase levels were lower in female phenanthrene-treated fish compared with controls. Histological alterations observed in PAH-treated fish include oedema, inflammatory cells, epithelial lifting and hyperplasia in the gills, vacuolation, haemosiderin pigments and sinusoidal congestion in the liver, and degenerated zona radiata in the ovary. Teratogenic effects were not observed, as evidenced by the lack of histological alterations in embryos spawned from pre-exposed broodstock. Sex-specific responses and the utility of biomarkers at cellular and individual levels of organisation are therefore demonstrated for holistic evaluations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ecotoxicological studies.