Deoxyribonucleic acid repair gene X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 polymorphisms and non-carcinogenic disease risk in different populations: A meta-analysis

PURPOSE:

This study aims to assess a meta-analysis of the association of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) polymorphisms with the risk of various non-carcinogenic diseases in different population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This meta-analysis was performed by critically reviewing reveals 38 studies involving 10043 cases and 11037 controls. Among all the eligible studies, 14 focused on Arg194Trp polymorphism, 33 described the Arg399Gln and three articles investigated on Arg280His. Populations were divided into three different ethnic subgroups include Caucasians, Asians and other (Turkish and Iranian).

RESULTS:

Pooled results showed no correlation between Arg194Trp and non-carcinogenic disease. There was only weak relation in the recessive (odds ratio [OR] =1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-1.44) model in Asian population and dominant (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.66-1.63) model of other populations. In Arg399Gln polymorphism, there was no relation with diseases of interest generally. In the pooled analysis, there were weak relation in the dominant (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.86-1.35) model of Asian population and quite well-correlation with recessive (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.19-1.88), dominant (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.94-1.62), and additive (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.94-1.62) models of other subgroup. For Arg280His, there was a weak relation only in the dominant model (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.74-1.51).

CONCLUSION:

The present meta-analysis correspondingly shows that Arg399Gln variant to be associated with increased non-carcinogenic diseases risk through dominant and recessive modes among Iranian and Turkish population. It also suggests a trend of dominant and recessive effect of Arg280His variant in all population and its possible protective effect on non-carcinogenic diseases.     

In silico Analysis of Different Signal Peptides for the Excretory Production of Recombinant NS3-GP96 Fusion Protein in Escherichia coli

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics - Escherichia coli is one of the simplest hosts which is widely being used to express heterologous proteins. However, without appropriate...     

Membrane lipid peroxidation, nitrogen fixation and leghemoglobin content in soybean root nodules

Membrane lipids in soybean nodules may undergo oxidative degradation resulting in the loss of membrane structural integrity and physiological activities. One of the final products of lipid peroxidation is malondialdehyde (MDA), which can react with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) in vitro to form a chromogenic adduct, a Schiff base product that can be measured spectrophotometrically. MDA formation was quantified in the nodules as well as in the adjacent root tissue. Lipid peroxidation was initially high in soybean nodules induced by Bradyrhizobium japonicum, but sharply declined following an increase in both leghemoglobin content and nitrogen fixation rate. Lipid peroxidation was 2 to 4 times higher in the nodules than in their corresponding adjoining root tissue. Malondialdehyde levels in ineffective nodules were 1.5 times higher than those in effective nodules. MDA formation was also shown to occur in the ‘leghemoglobin-free’ cytosolic fraction, the ‘leghemoglobin’ fraction, and the nodule tissue pellet. Antioxidants, such as reduced ascorbic acid, glutathione, and 8-hydroxyquinoline, caused a partial suppression of lipid peroxidation, whereas ferrous sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, iron EDTA, disodium-EDTA, and β-carotene induced MDA formation. In contrast, quenchers of oxygen free radicals such as HEPES, MES, MOPS, PIPES, phenylalanine, Tiron, thiourea, sodium azide, and sodium cyanide (uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation) caused somewhere between a 12 to 70 percnt; reduction in MDA production. TBA-reactive products were formed despite the incorporation of superoxide dismutase, proxidase, and catalase into the reaction mixture.     

The Bt gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">cry2Aa2</Emphasis> driven by a tissue specific ST-LS1 promoter from potato effectively controls <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heliothis virescens</Emphasis>

Expression of the Cry2Aa2 protein was targeted specifically to the green tissues of transgenic tobacco Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi plants. This deployment was achieved by using the promoter region of the gene encoding the Solanum tuberosum leaf and stem specific (ST-LS1) protein. The accumulated levels of toxin in the leaves were found to be effective in achieving 100 mortality of Heliothis virescens larvae. The levels of Cry2Aa2 expression in the leaves of these transgenic plants were up to 0.21 of the total soluble proteins. Bioassays with R₁ transgenic plants indicated the inheritance of cry2Aa2 in the progeny plants. Tissue-specific expression of the Bt toxin in transgenic plants may help in controlling the potential occurrence of insect resistance by limiting the amount of toxin to only predated tissues. The results reported here validate the use of the ST-LS1 gene promoter for a targeted expression of Bt toxins in green tissues of plants.     

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) growth and fruit quality affected by organic fertilization and ozonated water

Protoplasma - The use of modern and safe techniques to increase plant growth and yield is of significance. There is little data, to our knowledge, on the use of organic fertilization and ozonated...     

Endocrine regulation of the fasting response by PPARalpha-mediated induction of fibroblast growth factor 21

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) regulates the utilization of fat as an energy source during starvation and is the molecular target for the fibrate dyslipidemia drugs. Here, we identify the endocrine hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) as a mediator of the pleiotropic actions of PPARα. FGF21 is induced directly by PPARα in liver in response to fasting and PPARα agonists. FGF21 in turn stimulates lipolysis in white adipose tissue and ketogenesis in liver. FGF21 also reduces physical activity and promotes torpor, a short-term hibernation-like state of regulated hypothermia that conserves energy. These findings demonstrate an unexpected role for the PPARα-FGF21 endocrine signaling pathway in regulating diverse metabolic and behavioral aspects of the adaptive response to starvation.     

A new RAPD marker for beet necrotic yellow vein virus resistance gene in Beta vulgaris

RAPD markers linked to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) resistance genes were identified in two Beta vulgaris accessions Holly-1-4 and WB42 using bulked segregant analysis. The polymorphism revealed by the RAPD markers in the F₂ generations of WB42 was higher than that of Holly-1-4. The segregation distortion at marker loci was slightly lower in the B. vulgaris × B. maritima cross than in the B. vulgaris × B. vulgaris cross. For Holly-1-4, a RAPD marker was identified in a long distance from the resistance gene of Rz ₁ . However, a RAPD marker tightly linked with Rz ₂ gene in repulsion phase was detected with an approximate distance of 0.036 rf. This marker was not generation specific and showed high repeatability. The distance between Rz ₁ and Rz ₂ genes was estimated as 0.464 rf. After the Rz ₂ Rz ₂ and Rz ₂ rz ₂ genotypes were identified using ELISA values and repulsion phase RAPD markers, comparison of their ELISA means revealed lack of the gene dosage effects. Nevertheless, under the field or severe infection conditions, the difference between ELISA mean values of the Rz ₂ Rz ₂ and Rz ₂ rz ₂ genotypes might be more than that observed in this study and the gene dosage effects of Rz ₂ allele might be important.