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21.
Ghazaleh Jahanshah Iraj Nahvi Sayyed Hamid Zarkesh-Esfahani Hossein Ghanavati Hanif Khodaverdi Morteza Barani 《Annals of microbiology》2013,63(1):91-100
Wild screening of bacterial strains from compost materials was performed. Several biosurfactant-producer strains were isolated and then cultured in whey as a low-cost medium for biosurfactant production. Two strains, identified as Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces sp., were the best biosurfactant producers and were selected for determination of compost quality enhancing. The effect of cell biomass, cell-free supernatant, and a consortium of these two strains on compost quality were determined and specific parameters of compost were analyzed. The results showed that using these bacteria (or supernatants) in compost processing have slight stimulatory effect on bacterial population (8.08 log10 CFU/g), surface tension reduction (to 42.6 mN/m at 24 h), and heavy metal bioremediation (>50 % in most treatments), speeding up the decomposition rate of organic matter (42.3 % OM at the end of experiment), accelerating the stabilization process by reduction of NH 4 + to NO 3 ? ratio (reduced from 0.2 to 0.026), decreasing the biotoxicity (tested by seed germination and root length of germinated seed), and also reduction of pathogens (reduced from 2100 to 120 MPN/g in fecal coliform). 相似文献
22.
Ghazaleh S. Tayeboon Fatemeh Tavakoli Shokoufeh Hassani Mahnaz Khanavi Omid Sabzevari S. Nasser Ostad 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》2013,49(9):706-715
Many of CNS diseases can lead to a great quantity of release of glutamate and the extreme glutamate induces neuronal cell damage and death. Here, we wanted to investigate the effects of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and Ferula assa-foetida extracts treatment on glutamate-induced cell damage in a primary culture of rat cerebellar granule neurons. Cerebellums were collected from 7-d rat brains and cerebellar granule neurons were obtained after 8-d culture. CGN cells were treated with C. citratus essential oil and F. assa-foetida extracts at concentration of 100 μg/ml before, after, and during exposure to 30 μM glutamate. The cellular viability was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethytthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) staining. The flow cytometry assay was used to examine cell cycle and apoptosis. MTT assay showed a glutamate-induced reduction in cellular viability while treatment with C. citratus essential oil and F. assa-foetida extracts before, during, and after exposure to glutamate was increased. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that F. assa-foetida extracts treatment significantly (p?<?0.001) attenuated glutamate-induced apoptotic/necrotic cell death and the necrotic rate was decreased by C. citratus essential oil treatment compared to glutamate group, significantly (p?<?0.001). The results show that C. citratus essential oil and F. assa-foetida extracts display neuroprotective effects in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. These extracts exert antiapoptotic activity in cerebellar granule neurons due to cell cycle arrest in G0G1 phase, which explain the beneficial effects of C. citratus essential oil and F. assa-foetida extracts as therapies for neurologic disorders. 相似文献
23.
Geller F Feenstra B Zhang H Shaffer JR Hansen T Esserlind AL Boyd HA Nohr EA Timpson NJ Fatemifar G Paternoster L Evans DM Weyant RJ Levy SM Lathrop M Smith GD Murray JC Olesen J Werge T Marazita ML Sørensen TI Melbye M 《PLoS genetics》2011,7(9):e1002275
The sequence and timing of permanent tooth eruption is thought to be highly heritable and can have important implications for the risk of malocclusion, crowding, and periodontal disease. We conducted a genome-wide association study of number of permanent teeth erupted between age 6 and 14 years, analyzed as age-adjusted standard deviation score averaged over multiple time points, based on childhood records for 5,104 women from the Danish National Birth Cohort. Four loci showed association at P<5×10(-8) and were replicated in four independent study groups from the United States and Denmark with a total of 3,762 individuals; all combined P-values were below 10(-11). Two loci agreed with previous findings in primary tooth eruption and were also known to influence height and breast cancer, respectively. The two other loci pointed to genomic regions without any previous significant genome-wide association study results. The intronic SNP rs7924176 in ADK could be linked to gene expression in monocytes. The combined effect of the four genetic variants was most pronounced between age 10 and 12 years, where children with 6 to 8 delayed tooth eruption alleles had on average 3.5 (95% confidence interval: 2.9-4.1) fewer permanent teeth than children with 0 or 1 of these alleles. 相似文献
24.
Regulation of RasGRP1 by B cell antigen receptor requires cooperativity between three domains controlling translocation to the plasma membrane 下载免费PDF全文
Beaulieu N Zahedi B Goulding RE Tazmini G Anthony KV Omeis SL de Jong DR Kay RJ 《Molecular biology of the cell》2007,18(8):3156-3168
RasGRP1 is a Ras-activating exchange factor that is positively regulated by translocation to membranes. RasGRP1 contains a diacylglycerol-binding C1 domain, and it has been assumed that this domain is entirely responsible for RasGRP1 translocation. We found that the C1 domain can contribute to plasma membrane-targeted translocation of RasGRP1 induced by ligation of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). However, this reflects cooperativity of the C1 domain with the previously unrecognized Plasma membrane Targeter (PT) domain, which is sufficient and essential for plasma membrane targeting of RasGRP1. The adjacent suppressor of PT (SuPT) domain attenuates the plasma membrane-targeting activity of the PT domain, thus preventing constitutive plasma membrane localization of RasGRP1. By binding to diacylglycerol generated by BCR-coupled phospholipase Cgamma2, the C1 domain counteracts the SuPT domain and enables efficient RasGRP1 translocation to the plasma membrane. In fibroblasts, the PT domain is inactive as a plasma membrane targeter, and the C1 domain specifies constitutive targeting of RasGRP1 to internal membranes where it can be activated and trigger oncogenic transformation. Selective use of the C1, PT, and SuPT domains may contribute to the differential targeting of RasGRP1 to the plasma membrane versus internal membranes, which has been observed in lymphocytes and other cell types. 相似文献
25.
Background
The vestibular system is connected to spinal, cerebellar and cerebral motor control structures and can be selectively activated with external electrodes. The resulting sensation of disturbed balance can be avoided by using stochastic stimulation patterns. Adding noise to the nervous system sometimes improves function. Small clinical trials suggest that stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS) may improve symptoms in Parkinson''s disease. We have investigated this claim and possible mechanisms using the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) hemilesion model of Parkinson''s disease.Methodology/Principal Findings
Animals were tested in the accelerating rod test and the Montoya staircase test of skilled forelimb use. In 6-OHDA hemilesioned animals, SVS improved rod performance by 56±11 s. At group level L-DOPA treatment had no effect, but positive responders improved time on rod by 60±19 s. Skilled forelimb use was not altered by SVS. To investigate how SVS may influence basal ganglia network activity, intracerebral microdialysis was employed in four regions of interest during and after SVS. In presence of the γ-amino buturic acid (GABA) transporter inhibitor NNC 711, SVS induced an increase in GABA to 150±15% of baseline in the substantia nigra (SN) of unlesioned animals, but had no effect in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), the striatum or the ventromedial thalamus (VM). Dopamine release remained stable in all areas, as did GABA and amine concentrations in the SN of unstimulated controls. Following SVS, a sustained increase in GABA concentrations was observed in the ipsilesional, but not in the contralesional SN of 6-OHDA hemilesioned rats. In contrast, L-DOPA treatment produced a similar increase of GABA in the ipsi- and contra-lesional SN.Conclusions/Significance
SVS improves rod performance in a rat model of Parkinson''s disease, possibly by increasing nigral GABA release in a dopamine independent way. We propose that SVS could be useful for treating symptoms of Parkinson''s disease. 相似文献26.
Pourmahram GE Snetkov VA Shaifta Y Drndarski S Knock GA Aaronson PI Ward JP 《Free radical biology & medicine》2008,45(10):1468-1476
Reactive oxygen species are implicated in pulmonary hypertension and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. We examined the effects of low concentrations of peroxide on intrapulmonary arteries (IPA). IPAs from Wistar rats were mounted on a myograph for recording tension and estimating intracellular Ca2+ using Fura-PE3. Ca2+ sensitization was examined in alpha-toxin-permeabilized IPAs, and phosphorylation of MYPT-1 and MLC(20) was assayed by Western blot. Peroxide (30 microM) induced a vasoconstriction with transient and sustained components and equivalent elevations of intracellular Ca2+. The transient constriction was strongly suppressed by indomethacin, the TP-receptor antagonist SQ-29584, and the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632, whereas sustained constriction was unaffected. Neither vasoconstriction nor elevation of intracellular Ca2+ was affected by removal of extracellular Ca2+, whereas dantrolene suppressed the former and ryanodine abolished the latter. Peroxide-induced constriction of permeabilized IPAs was unaffected by Y-27632 but abolished by PKC inhibitors; these also suppressed constriction in intact IPAs. Peroxide caused translocation of PKCalpha, but had no significant effect on MYPT-1 or MLC(20) phosphorylation. We conclude that in IPAs peroxide causes transient release of vasoconstrictor prostanoids, but sustained constriction is associated with release of Ca2+ from ryanodine-sensitive stores and a PKC-dependent but Rho kinase- and MLC(20)-independent constrictor mechanism. 相似文献
27.
Marilyn Gordon Mohamed El-Kalla Yuewen Zhao Yahya Fiteih Jennifer Law Natalia Volodko Anwar Mohamed Ayman O. S. El-Kadi Lei Liu Jeff Odenbach Aducio Thiesen Christina Onyskiw Haya Abu Ghazaleh Jikyoung Park Sean Bong Lee Victor C. Yu Carlos Fernandez-Patron R. Todd Alexander Eytan Wine Shairaz Baksh 《PloS one》2013,8(10)
Ras association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A) is a tumor suppressor gene silenced in cancer. Here we report that RASSF1A is a novel regulator of intestinal inflammation as Rassf1a+/−, Rassf1a−/− and an intestinal epithelial cell specific knockout mouse (Rassf1a IEC-KO) rapidly became sick following dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) administration, a chemical inducer of colitis. Rassf1a knockout mice displayed clinical symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease including: increased intestinal permeability, enhanced cytokine/chemokine production, elevated nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NFκB) activity, elevated colonic cell death and epithelial cell injury. Furthermore, epithelial restitution/repair was inhibited in DSS-treated Rassf1a−/− mice with reduction of several makers of proliferation including Yes associated protein (YAP)-driven proliferation. Surprisingly, tyrosine phosphorylation of YAP was detected which coincided with increased nuclear p73 association, Bax-driven epithelial cell death and p53 accumulation resulting in enhanced apoptosis and poor survival of DSS-treated Rassf1a knockout mice. We can inhibit these events and promote the survival of DSS-treated Rassf1a knockout mice with intraperitoneal injection of the c-Abl and c-Abl related protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib/gleevec. However, p53 accumulation was not inhibited by imatinib/gleevec in the Rassf1a−/− background which revealed the importance of p53-dependent cell death during intestinal inflammation. These observations suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of YAP (to drive p73 association and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes such as Bax) and accumulation of p53 are consequences of inflammation-induced injury in DSS-treated Rassf1a−/− mice. Mechanistically, we can detect robust associations of RASSF1A with membrane proximal Toll-like receptor (TLR) components to suggest that RASSF1A may function to interfere and restrict TLR-driven activation of NFκB. Failure to restrict NFκB resulted in the inflammation-induced DNA damage driven tyrosine phosphorylation of YAP, subsequent p53 accumulation and loss of intestinal epithelial homeostasis. 相似文献
28.
Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-specific binding by foot-and-mouth disease viruses to the purified integrin alpha(v)beta3 in vitro. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
T Jackson A Sharma R A Ghazaleh W E Blakemore F M Ellard D L Simmons J W Newman D I Stuart A M King 《Journal of virology》1997,71(11):8357-8361
The integrin alpha(v)beta3 has been shown to act as the receptor for internalization of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) (A12), with attachment being through a highly conserved RGD motif located on the G-H loop of viral capsid protein VP1. In addition, however, we have recently shown that efficient infection of culture-grown cells by FMDV (O1BFS) requires binding to cell surface heparan sulfate. In this study, we have used a solid-phase receptor binding assay to characterize the binding by FMDV to purified alpha(v)beta3 in the absence of heparan sulfate and other cell surface components. In this assay, FMDV (O1BFS) successfully replicated authentic ligand binding by cellular alpha(v)beta3 in terms of its high affinity, dependence on divalent cations, and activation by manganese ions. Virus binding to this preparation of alpha(v)beta3 was exquisitely sensitive to competition by short RGD-containing peptides (50% inhibition at < 10(-8) M peptide), and this inhibition was highly sequence specific, with the equivalent RGE peptide being at least 10(4) fold less effective as a competitor. Representative viruses of the other six serotypes of FMDV bound to alpha(v)beta3 in a similar RGD-specific manner, although significant differences in sensitivity to RGD peptides suggest that the affinity of the different FMDV serotypes for alpha(v)beta3 is influenced, in part, by the variable amino acid residues in the VP1 G-H loop on either side of the RGD. 相似文献
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Channelrhodopsins of Volvox carteri Are Photochromic Proteins That Are Specifically Expressed in Somatic Cells under Control of Light,Temperature, and the Sex Inducer 下载免费PDF全文