全文获取类型
收费全文 | 454篇 |
免费 | 30篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 3篇 |
2016年 | 8篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 38篇 |
2012年 | 29篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 27篇 |
2009年 | 22篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 30篇 |
2006年 | 32篇 |
2005年 | 36篇 |
2004年 | 35篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1935年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有484条查询结果,搜索用时 578 毫秒
111.
Conformation of the AcrB multidrug efflux pump in mutants of the putative proton relay pathway 下载免费PDF全文
Su CC Li M Gu R Takatsuka Y McDermott G Nikaido H Yu EW 《Journal of bacteriology》2006,188(20):7290-7296
We previously reported the X-ray structures of wild-type Escherichia coli AcrB, a proton motive force-dependent multidrug efflux pump, and its N109A mutant. These structures presumably reflect the resting state of AcrB, which can bind drugs. After ligand binding, a proton may bind to an acidic residue(s) in the transmembrane domain, i.e., Asp407 or Asp408, within the putative network of electrostatically interacting residues, which also include Lys940 and Thr978, and this may initiate a series of conformational changes that result in drug expulsion. Herein we report the X-ray structures of four AcrB mutants, the D407A, D408A, K940A, and T978A mutants, in which the structure of this tight electrostatic network is expected to become disrupted. These mutant proteins revealed remarkably similar conformations, which show striking differences from the previously known conformations of the wild-type protein. For example, the loop containing Phe386 and Phe388, which play a major role in the initial binding of substrates in the central cavity, becomes prominently extended into the center of the cavity, such that binding of large substrate molecules may become difficult. We believe that this new conformation may mimic, at least partially, one of the transient conformations of the transporter during the transport cycle. 相似文献
112.
113.
114.
Insight into early events in the aggregation of the prion protein on lipid membranes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The key molecular event underlying prion diseases is the conversion of the monomeric and α-helical cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) to the disease-associated state, which is aggregated and rich in β-sheet (PrPSc). The molecular details associated with the conversion of PrPC into PrPSc are not fully understood. The prion protein is attached to the cell membrane via a GPI lipid anchor and evidence suggests that the lipid environment plays an important role in prion conversion and propagation. We have previously shown that the interaction of the prion protein with anionic lipid membranes induces β-sheet structure and promotes prion aggregation, whereas zwitterionic membranes stabilize the α-helical form of the protein. Here, we report on the interaction of recombinant sheep prion protein with planar lipid membranes in real-time, using dual polarization interferometry (DPI). Using this technique, the simultaneous evaluation of multiple physical properties of PrP layers on membranes was achieved. The deposition of prion on membranes of POPC and POPC/POPS mixtures was studied. The properties of the resulting protein layers were found to depend on the lipid composition of the membranes. Denser and thicker protein deposits formed on lipid membranes containing POPS compared to those formed on POPC. DPI thus provides a further insight on the organization of PrP at the surface of lipid membranes. 相似文献
115.
Background
Both host genetic potentials for growth and disease resistance, as well as nutrition are known to affect responses of individuals challenged with micro-parasites, but their interactive effects are difficult to predict from experimental studies alone.Methodology/Principal Findings
Here, a mathematical model is proposed to explore the hypothesis that a host''s response to pathogen challenge largely depends on the interaction between a host''s genetic capacities for growth or disease resistance and the nutritional environment. As might be expected, the model predicts that if nutritional availability is high, hosts with higher growth capacities will also grow faster under micro-parasitic challenge, and more resistant animals will exhibit a more effective immune response. Growth capacity has little effect on immune response and resistance capacity has little effect on achieved growth. However, the influence of host genetics on phenotypic performance changes drastically if nutrient availability is scarce. In this case achieved growth and immune response depend simultaneously on both capacities for growth and disease resistance. A higher growth capacity (achieved e.g. through genetic selection) would be detrimental for the animal''s ability to cope with pathogens and greater resistance may reduce growth in the short-term.Significance
Our model can thus explain contradicting outcomes of genetic selection observed in experimental studies and provides the necessary biological background for understanding the influence of selection and/or changes in the nutritional environment on phenotypic growth and immune response. 相似文献116.
Andrew F. Bennett Angie Haslem David C. Cheal Michael F. Clarke Roger N. Jones John D. Koehn P. Sam Lake Linda F. Lumsden Ian D. Lunt Brendan G. Mackey Ralph Mac Nally Peter W. Menkhorst Tim R. New Graeme R. Newell Tim O’Hara Gerry P. Quinn James Q. Radford Doug Robinson James E. M. Watson Alan L. Yen 《Ecological Management & Restoration》2009,10(3):192-199
Summary A common approach to nature conservation is to identify and protect natural ‘assets’ such as ecosystems and threatened species. While such actions are essential, protection of assets will not be effective unless the ecological processes that sustain them are maintained. Here, we consider the role of ecological processes and the complementary perspective for conservation arising from an emphasis on process. Many kinds of ecological processes sustain biodiversity: including climatic processes, primary productivity, hydrological processes, formation of biophysical habitats, interactions between species, movements of organisms and natural disturbance regimes. Anthropogenic threats to conservation exert their influence by modifying or disrupting these processes. Such threats extend across tenures, they frequently occur offsite, they commonly induce non‐linear responses, changes may be irreversible and the full consequences may not be experienced for lengthy periods. While many managers acknowledge these considerations in principle, there is much scope for greater recognition of ecological processes in nature conservation and greater emphasis on long time‐frames and large spatial scales in conservation planning. Practical measures that promote ecological processes include: monitoring to determine the trajectory and rate of processes; incorporating surrogates for processes in conservation and restoration projects; specific interventions to manipulate and restore processes; and planning for the ecological future before options are foreclosed. The long‐term conservation of biodiversity and the well‐being of human society depend upon both the protection of natural assets and maintaining the integrity of the ecological processes that sustain them. 相似文献
117.
? Premise of the study: Seed dispersal performance is an essential component of plant fitness. Despite their significance in shaping performance, the mechanical processes that drive dispersal are poorly understood. We have quantified seed dispersal mechanics in Cardamine parviflora (Brassicaceae), a ballistic disperser that launches seeds with specialized catapult-like structures. To determine which aspects of catapult function dictate interspecific dispersal differences, we compared this disperser with other ballistic dispersers. Comparison with brassicas that lack ballistic dispersal may also provide insight into the evolution of this mechanism. ? Methods: Catapult performance was quantified using high-speed video analysis of dehiscence, ballistic modeling of seed trajectories, and measuring the mechanical energy storage capacity of the spring-like siliqua valve tissue that launched the seeds. ? Key results: The siliquae valves coiled rapidly outward, launching the seeds in 4.7 ± 1.3 ms (mean ± SD, N = 11). Coiling was likely driven by the bilayered valve structure. The catapult was 21.3 ± 10.3% efficient (mean ± SD, N = 11) at transferring stored elastic energy to the seeds as kinetic energy. The majority of seeds (71.4%) were not launched effectively. ? Conclusions: The efficiency of the C. parviflora catapult was high in comparison to that of a ballistic diplochore, a dispersal mode associated with poor ballistic performance, although the unreliability of the launch mechanism limited dispersal distance. Effective launching requires temporary seed-valve adhesion. The adhesion mechanism may be the source of the unreliability. Valve curvature is likely driven by the bilayered valve structure, a feature absent in nonballistic brassicas. 相似文献
118.
Matthew G. LaPorte Tandy L. Draper Lori E. Miller Charles W. Blackledge Lara K. Leister Eugene Amparo Alison R. Hussey Dorothy C. Young Srinivas K. Chunduru Christopher A. Benetatos Gerry Rhodes Ariamala Gopalsamy Torsten Herbertz Christopher J. Burns Stephen M. Condon 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2010,20(9):2968-2973
We describe the structure–activity relationship of the C1-group of pyrano[3,4-b]indole based inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. Further exploration of the allosteric binding site led to the discovery of the significantly more potent compound 12. 相似文献
119.
Arjan D van Zuilen Ingeborgh van der Tweel Peter J Blankestijn Michiel L Bots Marjolijn van Buren Marc AGJ ten Dam Karin AH Kaasjager Peter JG van de Ven Gerald Vervoort Louis-Jean Vleming Gerry Ligtenberg Jack FM Wetzels 《Trials》2006,7(1):1-9
Background
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a greatly increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Recently developed guidelines address multiple risk factors and life-style interventions. However, in current practice few patients reach their targets. A multifactorial approach with the aid of nurse practitioners was effective in achieving treatment goals and reducing vascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus and in patients with heart failure. We propose that this also holds for the CKD population.Design
MASTERPLAN is a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate whether a multifactorial approach with the aid of nurse-practicioners reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD. Approximately 800 patients with a creatinine clearance (estimated by Cockcroft-Gault) between 20 to 70 ml/min, will be included. To all patients the same set of guidelines will be applied and specific cardioprotective medication will be prescribed. In the intervention group the nurse practitioner will provide lifestyle advice and actively address treatment goals. Follow-up will be five years. Primary endpoint is the composite of myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Secondary endpoints are cardiovascular morbidity, overall mortality, decline of renal function, change in markers of vascular damage and change in quality of life. Enrollment has started in April 2004 and the study is on track with 700 patients included on October 15th, 2005. This article describes the design of the MASTERPLAN study. 相似文献120.
W Richard Mukabana Khadija Kannady G Michael Kiama Jasper N Ijumba Evan M Mathenge Ibrahim Kiche Gamba Nkwengulila Leonard Mboera Deo Mtasiwa Yoichi Yamagata Ingeborg van Schayk Bart GJ Knols Steven W Lindsay Marcia Caldas de Castro Hassan Mshinda Marcel Tanner Ulrike Fillinger Gerry F Killeen 《Malaria journal》2006,5(1):1-14