Principal-components analysis of Brazilian Indian anthropometric data

Analysis of nine characteristics on 1,205 males and 932 females from 12 tribes or groups of tribes indicated a poor relationship between morphology and language, as well as moderate agreement with the variability expected considering geography only. Two samples in the Xingu area studied during an interval of half a century (1897-1947) showed remarkable similarity. The conformity of the Caingang morphology with those of other tribes and the distinctiveness of the Xavante and Tenetehara has been amply confirmed.     

Sustained sensitivity modifications induced by brief length perturbations in the crayfish slowly adapting stretch receptor

These experiments in the slowly adapting stretch receptor of crayfish test the effects of brief length perturbations (i.e., pulses) when presented in isolation at different constant elongations or superimposed on trapezoidal stretches of different amplitudes. Within "in vivo" lengths, during static responses, perturbations reduced firing rates to below control values and, in extreme cases, could silence the receptor. This effect, or "down-step," was sustained, occurred above a threshold pulse amplitude and background stretch, and increased with both stimulus characteristics, but was not present during dynamic responses. Beyond "in vivo" lengths, and in a few cases within those limits but close to the extremes, the receptor was silent but perturbations could restore activity. Lengthening pulses were more effective than shortening ones in generating after-effects. Perturbations change, during indefinitively long periods, the receptor's length or static sensitivity acting as a negative feedback which tends to maintain the discharge rate within fixed values. Perturbations disclose marked nonlinearities, which suggest that the classical view of a proportional control in the reflex loop in which the receptor participates may not operate in natural conditions.     

Nucleotide sequence of the glnA-glnL intercistronic region of Escherichia coli

The nucleotide (nt) sequence of a 682-bp fragment containing the 3' end of the glnA gene, the region between the glnA and glnL genes, and the 5' end of the glnL gene from Escherichia coli was determined. This segment contains the region coding for the last 107 amino acids (aa) of glutamine synthetase, including the adenylylation site of this enzyme. The analysis of this sequence revealed two REP sequences, a Rho-independent terminator, the putative glnL promoter and the possible binding site for the glnG product, NRI.     

Biomass and production of Argyrodiaptomus furcatus,a tropical calanoid copepod in Broa Reservoir,southern Brazil

The biomass and the production of Argyrodiaptomus furcatus (Sars), the most abundant copepod in Broa Reservoir (São Carlos, São Paulo State), were estimated, determining in the laboratory the development time and the quantity of organic carbon and establishing the relationship between these two parameters. The daily production was calculated from P = B(1- e^gt) and the annual production was obtained by integrating daily production against time. The maximum production of Argyrodiaptomus furcatus in the reservoir depends on the region considered and on the period of the year. The maximum production was 45.15 mg C m^–3d^–1 in March, 1976 at station II, region of macrophytes and 6.74 mg C m^–3d^–1 at station IV, near the dam. The mean production for the year is 6.26 mg C m^–3d^–1 at station II and 1.43 mg C m^–3d^–1 at station IV.     

Differential salt fractionation of active and inactive genomic domains in chicken erythrocyte

We have utilized the Sanders salt fractionation technique (Sanders, M. M. (1978) J. Cell Biol. 79, 97-109) to analyze the products of micrococcal nuclease digestion of adult chicken erythrocyte nuclei. By dot-blot hybridization with specific gene probes, it is found that nucleosomes from the globin gene domain, including a region extending to about 10 kilobase pairs 5' to the beta p gene are selectively enriched in the fractions eluted at low salt. In contrast, a single copy sequence located at about 10 kilobase pairs 5' to the beta p gene was concentrated in the less salt-soluble fractions. The vitellogenin and ovalbumin genes, which are never expressed in erythroid tissues, are also concentrated in the less salt-soluble fractions. Some more generally expressed genes (histone H4, thymidine kinase) appear to be more uniformly distributed. The low salt fractions are depleted in H1/H5, enriched in high mobility group 14 and 17, and contain somewhat more highly acetylated histones.     

World culture collections ofRhizobium

Summary Reliable and efficientRhizobium germplasm banks are essential for the development of research and for practical application. The second edition of the World Catalogue ofRhizobium Collections lists 64 institutions in 38 countries holding some 3000 effective, tested strains. MIRCENs Culture Collections are playing an important role in this way and in the dissemination of valuable strains for legume inoculation. Constraints for development are: adequate facilities and equipment, trained personnel, co-ordination of effort. Recommendations are: preparation of an inventory on technical aspects, new directives for training and for next edition of the Catalogue, establishment of specialized germplasm banks.

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Resumen Los bancos de germoplasma deRhizobium son esenciales tanto para el desarrollo de la investigación como para el de las aplicaciones prácticas. La segunda edición del catálogo mundial de las colecciones deRhizobium cuenta con 64 instituciones repartidas en 38 países con un total de más de 3000 cepas de probada eficacia. Las colecciones de cultivos de los MIRCEN tienen un papel importante tanto en su valor intrínseco como en la distribución de cepas eficaces para la inoculación de leguminosas. Los principales problemas con los que se enfrenta su desarrollo son: facilidades adecuadas y equipamientos; personal cualificado y coordinación de esfuerzos. Las recomendaciones son: preparación de inventarios sobre aspectos técnicos; nuevas directrices para la formación de personal y para la edición de catálogos; establecimiento de bancos de germoplasma especializados.

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Résumé Des collections deRhizobium fiables et efficaces sont essentielles à la fois pour la recherche et pour les applications agricoles. La deuxième édition du catalogue mondial des collections deRhizobium comporte 64 institutions, situées dans 38 pays, et environ 3.000 souches testées. Les collections de cultures des MIRCEn jouent un rôle important sur le plan scientifique et en ce qui concerne la distribution de souches utilisées pour l'inoculation des légumineuses. Leur développement est soumis à des difficultés concernant les installations et l'équipement, le personnel qualifié, et la coordination des efforts. Il est recommandé de faire l'inventaire des aspects techniques et de formuler de nouvelles directives pour la formation technique, pour la prépartion d'une nouvelle édition du catalogue, et pour l'établissement d'une banque de gènes spécialisée.

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Invited paper presented at the VII International Conference on the Global Impacts of Applied Microbiology, Helsinki, 12–16.8.1985. Session 2     

Long-acting contraceptive agents: Norethisterone esters of arylcarboxylic acids

The synthesis of esters of norethisterone (17α-ethynyl-17β-hydroxy-estr-4-en-3-one) with acids containing a benzene ring is described, two methods of esterification being compared in terms of yield and convenience. The activities of these esters as long-acting contraceptive agents have been evaluated.     

Long-acting contraceptive agents: norethisterone esters of monoalkenyl and monoalkynyl acids

The synthesis of nine new esters of norethisterone (17 alpha-ethynyl-17 beta-hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one) is described, with the esterifying acids bearing an acetylenic or olefinic function in a chain of eight or nine carbon atoms, for evaluation as long-acting contraceptive agents.