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32.
On the behavior of the periodic anaerobic baffled reactor (PABR) during the transition from carbohydrate to protein-based feedings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The influence of the organic substrate composition in the feed of an innovative reactor, the periodic anaerobic baffled reactor (PABR) is examined. A laboratory-scale PABR fed on a synthetic medium composed of mixtures of glucose (a carbohydrate) and gelatin (a protein) in various ratios performed well. The PABR seemed to be minimally affected during the gradual substitution of glucose by gelatin. In fact, the reactor performance remained at an optimal level (approximately 98%), while operated under an organic loading rate of 3.125 gCOD/l/d. 相似文献
33.
A defined mixed culture of Bacillus subtilis and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was used to accomplish the partial biodegradation of the azo-dye p-aminoazobenzene (pAAB). Kinetic experiments were conducted, under aerobic conditions, to study the mineralization of p-aminoazobenzene by the above-defined mixed culture, under aerobic conditions. The combination of two previously developed models, (Zissi et al., 1997), which describes pAAB biodegradation by Bacillus subtilis into aniline and p-phenylenediamine, and (Zissi and Lyberatos, 1999), which describes aniline biodegradation by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, is shown to predict well the anticipated mixed culture growth and partial biodegradation of pAAB. In previous work (Zissi et al., 1997) it was observed that pphenylenediamine was unstable during the experiments therefore the fate of p-phenylenediamine was not studied. The overall kinetic model of the defined mixed culture was then used to study the behavior of the mixed culture system in a range of operating conditions in the chemostat. The partial degradation of pAAB (regarding one of the two products, aniline) was described by an interaction between the two bacteria with competitive and commensalistic elements. The two bacteria are shown to coexist in a CSTR for some ranges of the operating variables. 相似文献
34.
Gerasimos Demetriou Anagnostopoulos 《Archives of microbiology》1976,107(2):199-203
Escherichia coli strains B5 and B/r/1 were grown under conditions of periodic glucose starvation in a minimal medium. Such conditions of growth give rise to two synchronous populations that are out of phase regarding their time of division, one dividing shortly after a new supply of fresh medium and the other at a later stage of the feeding cycle. Preferential selection of one of the two populations using heat treatment resulted in a homogeneous synchronized culture that exhibited in a non-limiting medium a high degree of synchrony that was long lasting. Synchrony and its persistence could survive preservation of such a synchronized culture by freeze drying. An explanation of the synchrony persistence was put forward and the practical implications of these findings were discussed. 相似文献
35.
Bacillus apiarius spores have been examined at relative humidities between 99% and 12% in a scanning electron microscope modified to enable wet specimens to be studied. The spores have also been studied both wet and dry with an interference microscope. Their shape remains rectangular whether wet or dry. A calculation of the effect of an osmotic pressure change of about 200 atm upon the maximum deflection of the longest side of the spore shows that the deflection is less than 4.5 nm. The shape of the spore therefore is not markedly affected by a change from dry to wet and the shape will remain as it was when the coat was initially formed, unless the coat is weakened by some chemical attack. The refractive index of the coat material is 1.532–1.536. 相似文献
36.
George Papaxoinis Vassiliki Kotoula Zoi Alexopoulou Konstantine T. Kalogeras Flora Zagouri Eleni Timotheadou Helen Gogas George Pentheroudakis Christos Christodoulou Angelos Koutras Dimitrios Bafaloukos Gerasimos Aravantinos Pavlos Papakostas Elpida Charalambous Kyriaki Papadopoulou Ioannis Varthalitis Ioannis Efstratiou Thomas Zaramboukas Helen Patsea Chrisoula D. Scopa Maria Skondra Paris Kosmidis Dimitrios Pectasides George Fountzilas 《PloS one》2015,10(10)
Background
The PI3K-AKT pathway is frequently activated in breast cancer. PIK3CA mutations are most frequently found in the helical (exon 9) and kinase (exon 20) domains of this protein. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of different types of PIK3CA mutations in combination with molecular biomarkers related to PI3K-AKT signaling in patients with early breast cancer.Methods
Tumor tissue samples from 1008 early breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy in two similar randomized trials of HeCOG were examined. Tumors were subtyped with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH for ER, PgR, Ki67, HER2 and androgen receptor (AR). PIK3CA mutations were analyzed by Sanger sequencing (exon 20) and qPCR (exon 9) (Sanger/qPCR mutations). In 610 cases, next generation sequencing (NGS) PIK3CA mutation data were also available. PIK3CA mutations and PTEN protein expression (IHC) were analyzed in luminal tumors (ER and/or PgR positive), molecular apocrine carcinomas (MAC; ER/PgR negative / AR positive) and hormone receptor (ER/PgR/AR) negative tumors.Results
PIK3CA mutations were detected in 235/1008 tumors (23%) with Sanger/qPCR and in 149/610 tumors (24%) with NGS. Concordance between the two methods was good with a Kappa coefficient of 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.82). Lobular histology, low tumor grade and luminal A tumors were associated with helical domain mutations (PIK3CAhel), while luminal B with kinase domain mutations (PIK3CAkin). The overall incidence of PIK3CA mutations was higher in luminal as compared to MAC and hormone receptor negative tumors (p = 0.004). Disease-free and overall survival did not significantly differ with respect to PIK3CA mutation presence and type. However, a statistically significant interaction between PIK3CA mutation status and PTEN low protein expression with regard to prognosis was identified.Conclusions
The present study did not show any prognostic significance of specific PIK3CA mutations in a large group of predominantly lymph-node positive breast cancer women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Further analyses in larger cohorts are warranted to investigate possible differential effect of distinct PIK3CA mutations in small subgroups of patients. 相似文献37.
Golfo G. Kordopati Theodore V. Tselios Tahsin Kellici Franci Merzel Thomas Mavromoustakos Simona Golic Grdadolnik Gerasimos M. Tsivgoulis 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2015
Background
Cyclodextrins (CDs) in combination with therapeutic proteins and other bioactive compounds have been proposed as candidates that show enhanced chemical and enzymatic stability, better absorption, slower plasma clearance and improved dose–response curves or immunogenicity. As a result, an important number of therapeutic complexes between cyclodextrins and bioactive compounds capable to control several diseases have been developed.Results
In this article, the synthesis and the structural study of a conjugate between a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue, related to the treatment of hormone dependent cancer and fertility, and modified β-cyclodextrin residue are presented. The results show that both the phenyl group of tyrosine (Tyr) as well as the indole group of tryptophan (Trp) can be encapsulated inside the cyclodextrin cavity. Solution NMR experiments provide evidence that these interactions take place intramolecularly and not intermolecularly.Conclusions
The study of a LHRH analogue conjugated with modified β-cyclodextrin via high field NMR and MD experiments revealed the existence of intramolecular interactions that could lead to an improved drug delivery.General significance
NMR in combination with MD simulation is of great value for a successful rational design of peptide–cyclodextrin conjugates showing stability against enzymatic proteolysis and a better pharmacological profile. 相似文献38.
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40.
Dimitra?PetanidouEmail author Evangelie?Daskagianni Christine?Dimitrakaki Gerasimos?Kolaitis Yannis?Tountas 《BioPsychoSocial medicine》2013,7(1):17