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161.
Shawn J. Stachel Melissa S. Egbertson Jenny Wai Michelle Machacek Dawn M. Toolan John Swestock Donnie M. Eddins Vanita Puri Georgia McGaughey Hua-Poo Su Debbie Perlow Deping Wang Lei Ma Gopal Parthasarathy John C. Reid Pravien D. Abeywickrema Sean M. Smith Jason M. Uslaner 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2018,28(6):1122-1126
An internal HTS effort identified a novel PDE2 inhibitor series that was subsequently optimized for improved PDE2 activity and off-target selectivity. The optimized lead, compound 4, improved cognitive performance in a rodent novel object recognition task as well as a non-human primate object retrieval task. In addition, co-crystallization studies of close analog of 4 in the PDE2 active site revealed unique binding interactions influencing the high PDE isoform selectivity. 相似文献
162.
Phylogenetic comparative methods: Harnessing the power of species diversity to investigate welfare issues in captive wild animals 下载免费PDF全文
This paper reviews a way of investigating health and welfare problems in captive wild animals (e.g., those in zoos, aviaries, aquaria, or aquaculture systems) that has great potential, but to date has been little used: systematically comparing species with few or no health and welfare issues to those more prone to problems. Doing so empirically pinpoints species‐typical welfare risk and protective factors (such as aspects of their natural behavioral biology): information which can then be used to help prevent or remedy problems by suggesting new ways to improve housing and husbandry, and by identifying species intrinsically best suited to captivity. We provide a detailed, step‐by‐step “how to” guide for researchers interested in using these techniques, including guidance on how to statistically control for the inherent similarities shared by related species: an important concern because simple, cross‐species comparisons that do not do this may well fail to meet statistical assumptions of non‐independence. The few relevant studies that have investigated captive wild animals’ welfare problems using this method are described. Overall, such approaches reap value from the great number and diversity of species held in captivity (e.g., the many thousands of species held in zoos); can yield new insights from existing data and published results; render previously intractable welfare questions (such as “do birds need to fly?” or “do Carnivora need to hunt?”) amenable to study; and generate evidence‐based principles for integrating animal welfare into collection planning. 相似文献
163.
Isabela Brandão de Sousa-Machado Tayanne Felippe Renata Garcia Georgia Pacheco Davyson Moreira Elisabeth Mansur 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2018,134(3):491-502
Arachis pintoi is a peanut species native to Brazil, which is cultivated in many countries for animal forage, soil cover, landscaping, and recovery of degraded areas. Tissue culture studies for this species have been focused in plant production, whereas works on in vitro secondary metabolites production are scarce. The goal of the present work was to establish callus cultures from different seed explants of A. pintoi, aiming at evaluating the potential for metabolites production and antioxidant activity. Embryonic axes, leaflets, and cotyledons were cultured on solidified MS medium supplemented with picloram (PIC), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), thidiazuron (TDZ) or different combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), under light or dark conditions. Friable calluses with a high biomass (4.3?±?0.3 g FW per callus) were obtained from embryonic leaflets cultured on medium supplemented with 17.6 µM BA plus 5.4 µM NAA, in the dark. Cotyledons and embryonic axes cultured in the presence of 4.4 µM BA combined with 10.8 µM NAA formed heterogeneous calluses with a compact base and a large friable surface. Trans-resveratrol and other stilbenes that were not found in seeds were detected in callus extracts, especially those originated from cotyledons, although these materials showed lower total phenolic contents (TPC) when compared with seeds with and without testa, as well as cotyledons. Extracts from seeds with testa and from calluses derived from cotyledons and embryonic axes showed the highest EC50 in DPPH assays. No correlation between TPC, trans-resveratrol and antioxidant activity was observed. 相似文献
164.
Zoumpopoulou Georgia Tzouvanou Alexandra Mavrogonatou Eleni Alexandraki Voula Georgalaki Marina Anastasiou Rania Papadelli Marina Manolopoulou Eugenia Kazou Maria Kletsas Dimitris Papadimitriou Konstantinos Tsakalidou Effie 《Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins》2018,10(2):313-322
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - The increased consumers’ interest on the positive role of food in wellbeing and health underscores the need to determine new probiotic microorganisms.... 相似文献
165.
Evaluation of Postharvest-Processed Oysters by Using PCR-Based Most-Probable-Number Enumeration of Vibrio vulnificus Bacteria 下载免费PDF全文
Anita C. Wright Victor Garrido Georgia Debuex Melissa Farrell-Evans Archana A. Mudbidri W. Steven Otwell 《Applied microbiology》2007,73(22):7477-7481
Postharvest processing (PHP) is used to reduce levels of Vibrio vulnificus in oysters, but process validation is labor-intensive and expensive. Therefore, quantitative PCR was evaluated as a rapid confirmation method for most-probable-number enumeration (QPCR-MPN) of V. vulnificus bacteria in PHP oysters. QPCR-MPN showed excellent correlation (R2 = 0.97) with standard MPN and increased assay sensitivity and efficiency. 相似文献
166.
167.
Georgia Vasileiou Silvia Vergarajauregui Sabine Endele Bernt Popp Christian Büttner Arif B. Ekici Marion Gerard Nuria C. Bramswig Beate Albrecht Jill Clayton-Smith Jenny Morton Susan Tomkins Karen Low Astrid Weber Maren Wenzel Janine Altmüller Yun Li Bernd Wollnik André Reis 《American journal of human genetics》2018,102(3):468-479
168.
Human tissue kallikreins (KLKs or kallikrein-related peptidases) are a subgroup of extracellular serine proteases that act on a wide variety of physiological substrates, while they display aberrant expression patterns in certain types of cancer. Differential expression patterns lead to the exploitation of these proteins as new cancer biomarkers for hormone-dependent malignancies, in particular. The prostate-specific antigen or kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (PSA/KLK3) is an established tumor marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer. It is well documented that specific KLK genes are co-expressed in tissues and in various pathologies suggesting their participation in complex proteolytic cascades. Here, we review the currently established knowledge on the involvement of KLK proteolytic cascades in the regulation of physiological and pathological processes in prostate tissue and in skin. It is well established that the activity of KLKs is often regulated by auto-activation and subsequent autolytic internal cleavage leading to enzymatic inactivation, as well as by inhibitory serpins or by allosteric inhibition by zinc ions. Redistribution of zinc ions and alterations in their concentration due to physiological or pathological reasons activates specific KLKs initiating the kallikrein cascade(s). Recent studies on kallikrein substrate specificity allowed for the construction of a kallikrein interaction network involved in semen liquefaction and prostate cancer, as well as in skin pathologies, such as skin desquamation, psoriasis and cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the crosstalks between known proteolytic pathways and the kallikrein cascades, with emphasis on the activation of plasmin and its implications in prostate cancer. These findings may have clinical implications for the underlying molecular mechanism and management of cancer and other disorders in which KLK activity is elevated. 相似文献
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170.