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94.
The alpha 5 gene product assembles with multiple acetylcholine receptor subunits to form distinctive receptor subtypes in brain. 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The acetylcholine receptor (AChR) alpha 5 gene has been classified as a member of the AChR gene family based on sequence homology. Expression studies, however, have yet to identify a function for the alpha 5 gene product or even to demonstrate an interaction with known AChR subunits. We report here that the alpha 5 gene product is identical to the 49 kd protein previously found on immunoblots of AChRs purified from brain and ciliary ganglia. In brain the alpha 5 gene product is present both in alpha 3- and in alpha 4-based receptor subtypes, while in the ganglion it is found in an alpha 3-based receptor subtype concentrated in postsynaptic membrane. Immunoprecipitation experiments with subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies indicate that some native AChRs are likely to have at least three kinds of subunits, with two being of the alpha type. These findings support new views about the construction of AChRs in neurons. 相似文献
95.
Progressive immune dysfunction in cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. 总被引:13,自引:6,他引:7 下载免费PDF全文
M Torten M Franchini J E Barlough J W George E Mozes H Lutz N C Pedersen 《Journal of virology》1991,65(5):2225-2230
Within 6 months of infection with the Petaluma isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus, specific-pathogen-free domestic cats exhibited a decrease in the percentage and number of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes and in the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio, along with a marginally significant depression of pokeweed mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. There was no loss of responsiveness to concanavalin A during this stage, and the cats were capable of mounting a satisfactory antibody response to a T-dependent, synthetic polypeptide immunogen. The pokeweed mitogen response deficit became clearly demonstrable by 11 to 12 months postinfection. A decline in the lymphocyte proliferative response to concanavalin A and a diminished ability to mount an in vivo antibody response to the T-dependent immunogen evolved by 25 to 44 months postinfection. Virus infection did not affect the ability of cats to mount an antibody response to a T-independent synthetic polypeptide immunogen. These data indicate that feline immunodeficiency virus produces a slowly progressive deterioration of T-cell function but does not affect the ability of B cells to recognize and respond to a T-independent antigenic stimulus. 相似文献
96.
Acquisition of phosphorus and copper by VA-mycorrhizal hyphae and root-to-shoot transport in white clover 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
White clover (Trifolium repens L.) plants were grown in a calcareous soil in pots with three compartments, a central one for root growth and two outer ones
for growth of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal (Glomus mosseae [Nicol. & Gerd.] Gerdemann & Trappe) hyphae (hyphal compartments). Phosphorus (P) was applied at three levels (0, 20 and
50 mg kg−1 soil) in the outer compartments in mycorrhizal treatments. Root and shoot dry weight were increased in mycorrhizal plants
with hyphal access to outer compartments. Growth of the mycorrhizal hyphae in the outer compartments was not significantly
affected by variation in P level in these compartments. However, both concentration and amount of P in roots and shoots sharply
increased with increasing P supply in the outer (hyphal) compartments. With increasing P levels the calculated delivery of
P by the hyphae from the outer compartments increased from 34% to 90% of total P uptake.
Hyphal access to the outer compartments also significantly increased both concentration and quantity of Cu in the plants.
The calculated delivery of Cu by the hyphae from the outer compartments ranged from 53% to 62% of total Cu uptake, irrespective
of the P levels and the amounts of P taken up and transported by the hyphae. However, the distribution of Cu over roots and
shoots was largely dependent on P levels. With increase in P level in the outer compartments the calculated hyphal contribution
to the total amount of Cu in the shoots increased from 12% to 58%, but decreased in the roots from 75% to 46%.
In conclusion, uptake and transport by VA-mycorrhizal hyphae may contribute substantially not only to P nutrition, but also
to Cu nutrition of the host. 相似文献
97.
The experimental literature has dealt intensively with the cortical contribution to epilepsy. Possibly because of the direction
of technological advance, much less attention has been paid to the role of other structures. A model which emphasizes the
role of some of those non-cortical structures, specifically that of thalamocortical modulation of cortical excitability, is
developed. Some aspects of the petit mal seizure, a seizure type considered by some investigators to involve thalamocortical
mechanisms, are predicted by the model. Although the thalamocortical mechanisms under study are not the only mechanism underlying
seizures, a full understanding of the phenomenology of epilepsy needs to take into account the role of subcortical modification
of cortical activities in addition to other mechanisms.
Gloor has described two types of epileptogenesis: type I characteristic of non-convulsive seizure and type II characteristic
of convulsions. There is disagreement as to whether or not the two mechanisms represent qualitatively different phenomena.
Utilizing the thalamocortical model, it can be shown that the two types of epileptogenesis are qualitatively different. Furthermore,
the thalamocortical model leads to a possible explanation of clinically different profiles of antipileptic efficacy of medications. 相似文献
98.
The serum of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) was examined for heme- and hemoglobin-binding proteins. Electrophoretic mobility retardation assays failed to detect a hemoglobin-binding material similar to mammalian haptoglobin; however, a heme-binding component (not previously described) was identified in catfish seru. The heme-binding component was purified by gel filtration chromatography; electrophoretic analyses suggested it to be composed of two polypeptide subunits of molecular masses about 115 and 98 kDa. This composition is inconsistent with hemopexin, the known heme-binding serum protein of mammals. Although it was not fully saturated with heme, the catfish component contained detectable heme in normal sera. When complexed by the binding material, heme was used as an iron source by isolates of the bacterial Gram-negative genusAeromonas; the capacity of other bacteria to use the complex was not tested. The physiological function of the catfish heme-binding serum protein is presently not clear. 相似文献
99.
François Baneyx Amanda Ayling Terry Palumbo Daniel Thomas George Georgiou 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1991,36(1):14-20
Summary The expression of many secreted recombinant proteins in Gram-negative bacteria is limited by degradation in the periplasmic space. We have previously shown that the production of protein A--lactamase, a secreted fusion protein highly sensitive to proteolysis in Escherichia coli, can be increased in mutant strains deficient in up to three cell-envelope-associated proteolytic activities. In this work we investigated the effect of fermentation conditions on suppressing any residual proteolytic activity in various protease-deficient strains. Optimal production of the fusion protein was observed in cells grown under mildly acidic conditions (5.5pH6.0) and at low temperatures. These conditios were shown to specifically decrease the rate of proteolysis. In addition, a further increase in production was observed in cultures supplemented with 0.5 to 0.75 mM zinc chloride. This may relate to the inhibition of a cell envelope protease by Zn2+ ions.
Offsprint requests to: G. Georgiou 相似文献
100.
Synopsis The ability of embryos of the viviparous scorpaenidSebastes melanops to take up nutrients from an exogenous substrate was demonstrated by incubating embryos at various stages of development
(18–30 days after fertilization) in14C-labeled glycine for 24 h. Uptake was highest for embryos at the latest stages (28–30 days) and increased at a linear rate
during the incubation period. Nutrient uptake was not time dependent in embryos at the early stages (18–22 days). Nutrient
utilization byS. melanops embryos was measured by the oxidation of14C-labeled glycine to14CO2. The amount of respired14CO2 by the oldest embryos increased significantly at a linear rate over the 24 h incubation period. There was no evidence of
nutrient utilization by the youngest embryos. The developmental changes we observed in the uptake and utilization of exogenous
glycine are supported by our previous findings that the oldest embryos have fully developed mouths and guts, and require additional
nutrition from intraovarian sources at this stage of development. 相似文献