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991.
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Romeu Cardoso Guimarães 《Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere》2011,41(4):357-371
An investigation of the biosynthesis pathways producing glycine and serine was necessary to clarify an apparent inconsistency
between the self-referential model (SRM) for the formation of the genetic code and the model of coevolution of encodings and
of amino acid biosynthesis routes. According to the SRM proposal, glycine was the first amino acid encoded, followed by serine.
The coevolution model does not state precisely which the first encodings were, only presenting a list of about ten early assignments
including the derivation of glycine from serine—this being derived from the glycolysis intermediate glycerate, which reverses
the order proposed by the self-referential model. Our search identified the glycine-serine pathway of syntheses based on one-carbon
sources, involving activities of the glycine decarboxylase complex and its associated serine hydroxymethyltransferase, which
is consistent with the order proposed by the self-referential model and supports its rationale for the origin of the genetic
code: protein synthesis was developed inside an early metabolic system, serving the function of a sink of amino acids; the
first peptides were glycine-rich and fit for the function of building the early ribonucleoproteins; glycine consumption in
proteins drove the fixation of the glycine-serine pathway. 相似文献
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This review focuses on utilization of plant lectins as medical diagnostic reagents and tools. The lectin-related diagnostic
is aimed at detection of several diseases connected to alteration of the glycosylation profiles of cells and at identification
of microbial and viral agents in clinical microbiology. Certain lectins, proposed for or used as diagnostic tools could even
recognize those cellular determinants, which are not detected by available antibodies. Broad information is presented on the
lectinomics field, illustrating that lectin diagnostics might become practical alternative to antibody-based diagnostic products.
In addition, the rising trend of lectin utilization in biomedical diagnostics might initiate a development of innovative methods
based on better analytical technologies. Lectin microarray, a rapid and simple methodology, can be viewed as an example for
such initiative. This technology could provide simple and efficient screening tools for analysis of glycosylation patterns
in biological samples (cellular extracts, tissues and the whole cells), allowing thus personalized detection of changes associated
with carbohydrate-related diseases. 相似文献
997.
George W. Barlow 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》1968,25(3):315-318
Wie stark Fluchtstimmung (“Furcht”) das Verhalten von Versuchstieren in ethologischen Untersuchungen stören kann, ist zwar wohl vielen bekannt, wird aber selten erörtert oder in Veröffentlichungen erwähnt. Die Beobachter setzen die Tiere meist entweder der vollen Störung durch den Laborbetrieb aus oder schließen sie weitestgehend von allen möglichen Störreizen ab. Im ersten Fall fehlt die Kontrolle über wichtige Störfaktoren, im zweiten werden vor allem Wirbeltiere oft so furchtsam, daß sie das meiste Verhalten unterdrücken. In Untersuchungen an verschiedenen Fischarten hat sich folgender Ausweg sehr bewährt: Man setzt zum Versuchstier hinter eine durchsichtige Trennwand andersartige Tiere, die sich ständig gleichmäßig bewegen, für das Versuchstier aber ohne Interesse sind. 相似文献
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999.
George Yannopoulos 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1979,176(2):247-253
Summary By classical genetic experiments, evidence is provided that the male recombination factor, 31.1 MRF, has the ability to be transposed to another chromosome. The procedure by which the transposition occurs must be different from that of classical crossing over. It appears that transposition occurs only when the factor is active in male germ cells. Moreover, the factor appears to be able to undergo successive transpositions. Furthermore, the integration sites of the factor, when transposed into another chromosome, may not be completely random. Finally, the third chromosome of the 31.1/Cy
L
4 strain can also induce male recombination. 相似文献
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