模拟根系分泌物输入对高寒退化草地土壤微生物残体的影响

微生物残体是稳定土壤碳库的重要来源,对退化生境碳的固持和积累具有重要意义。植物根系分泌物作为植物-土壤-微生物"交流"的媒介,是调控土壤微生物残体迁移转化的关键。因此,以极度退化草地土壤为对象,以氨基糖为标志物,模拟研究了不同氮浓度（低氮-LN：0.1 gN/kg;高氮-HN：0.2 gN/kg）和多样性（3种化合物、9种化合物）根系分泌物输入对土壤微生物残体的影响。结果表明：（1）根系分泌物输入可显著增加高寒退化草地土壤微生物残体含量,且主要由真菌残体贡献。其中高氮和低多样性处理增加最明显,微生物残体和真菌残体分别增加了101.14%,125.16%,而低氮和高多样性处理微生物残体和真菌残体仅增加了35.79%,33.51%。（2）根系分泌物的输入可增加土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、土壤磷酸酶和过氧化物酶活性,促进微生物的生长,而降低β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性,减少微生物残体的分解。（3）回归分析结果显示,土壤微生物残体与土壤环境的C/N呈显著负相关,与微生物生物量C/N呈显著正相关。上述结果表明,在未来退化草地恢复中,可充分利用模拟根系分泌物输入的土壤固碳策略,即通过提高土壤氮的有效性,促进微生物的生长,加快代谢周转,进一步提高微生物残体含量。     

DNA末端硫修饰依赖的体外大片段DNA连接法

【背景】DNA组装技术是基因组合成中的一个关键技术。探索低成本、高效率的基因组合成技术一直是合成生物学的重要研究领域。在某些细菌如变铅青链霉菌中,DNA上有磷硫酰化修饰(简称硫修饰),而在另一些细菌如天蓝色链霉菌中存在一种含有硫修饰识别结构域(sulfur-binding domain, SBD)的识别蛋白,可以特异性识别DNA上的硫修饰,这启发了我们发展出一种新的DNA组装技术。【目的】探究在DNA末端硫修饰的连接中,T4 DNA连接酶与SBD相融合蛋白和单独的T4 DNA连接酶相比,是否有更高的连接效率。【方法】根据同源重组原理,设计硫修饰引物,扩增硫修饰的DNA片段。构建T4 DNA连接酶与SBD融合蛋白的3种表达载体T4-linker-SBD(Hga)、T4-linker-SBD(Spr)和T4-linker-SBD(Mmo),表达纯化以上3种融合蛋白。比较3组浓度梯度(2.4、0.24、0.024 mg/mL) T4 DNA连接酶与融合蛋白在2.5 kb和8.0 kb DNA片段连接上的差异。【结果】DNA末端硫修饰的2.5kb和8.0kb的两端片段均能扩增,而且3种融合蛋白...     

四川黄龙钙华沉积区附生藻垫生物与水环境因子相关性分析

【背景】近年来,四川省黄龙风景区钙华沉积地貌上藻垫大面积滋生,厚度达3-5cm,严重影响了钙华的持续沉积及欣赏价值。【目的】为有效控制藻类过度生长,并提出相关治理方法措施,需要对藻垫的结构特征及滋生原因进行深入分析。【方法】利用PE-250高通量测序平台对黄龙钙华沉积区典型附生藻垫剖面的不同层次进行真核物种组成分析,同时通过场发射扫描电子显微镜对其微观形貌进行表征,并且对藻垫的生长厚度与水环境参数进行了相关性分析。【结果】藻垫内的真核生物有400种左右,优势藻类主要为硅藻门(Diatomea)、轮虫动物门(Rotifera)和链型植物门(Streptophyta),硅藻门主要为桥弯藻属(Cymbella)。非度量多维尺度分析(non-metric multidimensional scaling,NMDS)统计和聚类分析表明,藻垫的中层和底层真核物种组成具有较高的相似性。场发射扫描电子显微镜的结果显示,硅藻主要分布在藻垫上层,中层主要为丝状藻类,底层为钙华颗粒填充在丝状藻构成的网状结构中。水质参数与藻垫生长的相关性分析表明,藻垫厚度主要与水体中的总氮(total nitrogen, T...     

大连金普新区碳固持生态服务供需格局时空差异

碳固持服务供需匹配状况对于优化区域生态系统管理、提升生态系统碳汇能力具有重要意义。以大连金普新区为研究区,利用InVEST模型、ArcGIS模型,研究固碳项生态系统服务供需匹配及其变化特征。结果表明：(1)研究期内,2010年至2018年,碳固持服务供给总量呈现出U字型变化趋势;需求总量呈现出持续增长的变化趋势,表现为低等级需求量地区向高等级需求量地区不断转化;碳固持服务供需求不匹配,供需错配现象突出,总体上呈现出供不应求。(2)碳固持服务供需赤字缺口正持续扩大。赤字类型总面积有持续增加的趋势;盈余类型总面积表现为先增后减;供需相对平衡类型总面积不断缩减,朝着低供给高需求方向转变。(3)金普新区碳汇地面积持续缩减,2018年仅为564km²;碳源地面积大量增加,2018年达到1340km²。(4)提出了控制城镇碳需求增长,增加绿地,提高碳供给能力,消减赤字,维持供需能力基本平衡的对策。     

某焦化场地土壤中多环芳烃分布的三维空间插值研究

为准确界定污染场地土壤中多环芳烃在3维条件下的污染分布范围和受污染土方量,选择我国某焦化污染场地苯并(a)芘分布为研究对象,对比研究Krig-3D、IDW-Shepard、IDW-(Franke/Nielson)以及Nearest Neighbor 4种3维插值方法对界定污染范围的不确定性影响。结果表明,不同3维插值模型计算结果差异较大,交叉验证结果显示Krig-3D插值模型插值精度最高,插值结果能较真实地反映场地实际污染情况。通过修复目标对比确定进一步表明,基于4种插值模型计算所得的污染土壤土方量分别为8.51×105、5.62×105、7.12×105、1.09×106m3,选择合理的插值模型将对预测污染范围的不确定性产生重要影响。研究结果对分析污染范围和修复治理过程土方量确定提供重要参考。     

取食不同食料的美国白蛾幼虫肠道细菌多样性及差异性研究

为了解取食不同食料的美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea Drury幼虫肠道细菌多样性及差异性,本研究应用Illumina Hi Seq二代测序技术检测16S rDNA基因序列的方法分析以人工饲料、桑树Morus alba Linn和柳树Salix babylonica Linn为食的3种美国白蛾5龄幼虫肠道细菌类群结构、丰度差异和α多样性。共获得657 819对读数,聚成3 743个OTUs,注释到23个门,60个纲,90个目,143个科,196个属和58个种。科以上分类阶元,以两种植物为食的幼虫肠道的优势类群一致,但取食人工饲料的幼虫在各级分类水平与前者不同(门水平除外)。在属分类阶元,取食3种美国白蛾幼虫肠道菌群优势属各不相同,丰度最高分别为希瓦氏菌属Shewanella(12.81%)、葡萄球菌属Staphylococcus(7.86%)和芽孢杆菌属Bacillus(5.24%)。种水平上海藻希瓦氏菌Shewanella algae在3种食料的美国白蛾幼虫肠道中都有较高的丰度;松鼠葡萄球菌Staphylococcus sciuri在以桑树和柳树为食料的美国白蛾幼虫肠道中比例较高,但在以人工饲料的幼虫中比例很低。3种食料的幼虫共有的OUTs为228个,特有的OUTs分别为人工饲料145个、桑树160个和柳树138个。以上结论表明取食不同食料的美国白蛾幼虫的肠道细菌类群结构和丰度存在一定差异。α多样性指数表明美国白蛾幼虫肠道细菌群落具有较高的丰富度和多样性。为进一步探明其肠道细菌的功能以及对寄主的适应机制等方面的研究奠定基础。     

Loss to Clinic and Five-Year Mortality among HIV-Infected Antiretroviral Therapy Initiators

Missing outcome data due to loss to follow-up occurs frequently in clinical cohort studies of HIV-infected patients. Censoring patients when they become lost can produce inaccurate results if the risk of the outcome among the censored patients differs from the risk of the outcome among patients remaining under observation. We examine whether patients who are considered lost to follow up are at increased risk of mortality compared to those who remain under observation. Patients from the US Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) who newly initiated combination antiretroviral therapy between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2009 and survived for at least one year were included in the study. Mortality information was available for all participants regardless of continued observation in the CNICS. We compare mortality between patients retained in the cohort and those lost-to-clinic, as commonly defined by a 12-month gap in care. Patients who were considered lost-to-clinic had modestly elevated mortality compared to patients who remained under observation after 5 years (risk ratio (RR): 1.2; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.5). Results were similar after redefining loss-to-clinic as 6 months (RR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.3) or 18 months (RR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.6) without a documented clinic visit. The small increase in mortality associated with becoming lost to clinic suggests that these patients were not lost to care, rather they likely transitioned to care at a facility outside the study. The modestly higher mortality among patients who were lost-to-clinic implies that when we necessarily censor these patients in studies of time-varying exposures, we are likely to incur at most a modest selection bias.     

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Attenuates Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin-System and Podocyte Injury in Rats with Myocardial Infarction

The mechanisms and mediators underlying common renal impairment after myocardial infarction (MI) are still poorly understood. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) provides renoprotective effects after MI by preventing augmented intrarenal renin-angiotensin-system (RAS)-induced podocyte injury. Sprague–Dawley rats that underwent ligation of their coronary arteries were treated with losartan (20 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 3 or 9 weeks. Renal function, histology and molecular changes were assessed. The current study revealed that MI-induced glomerular podocyte injury was identified by increased immunostaining for desmin and p16^ink4a, decreased immunostaining for Wilms’ tumor-1 and podocin mRNA expression, and an induced increase of blood cystatin C at both 3 and 9 weeks. These changes were associated with increased intrarenal angiotensin II levels and enhanced expressions of angiotensinogen mRNA and angiotensin II receptor mRNA and protein. These changes were also associated with decreased levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and decreased expressions of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) protein and mRNA and phosphorylated(p)-Akt protein at 9 weeks, as well as increased expressions of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine at both time points. Treatment with losartan significantly attenuated desmin- and p16^ink4a-positive podocytes, restored podocin mRNA expression, and decreased blood cystatin C levels. Losartan also prevented RAS activation and oxidative stress and restored the IGF-1/IGF-1R/Akt pathway. In conclusion, ARBs prevent the progression of renal impairment after MI via podocyte protection, partially by inhibiting the activation of the local RAS with subsequent enhanced oxidative stress and an inhibited IGF-1/IGF-1R/Akt pathway.