Environmental Supply Chain Cooperation and Its Effect on the Circular Economy Practice‐Performance Relationship Among Chinese Manufacturers

Due to resource scarcity and environmental degradation, a new development concept emphasizing environmental concerns, called the circular economy (CE), has been enacted in legislation in China. This environmental management concept can be implemented at three levels, namely, region, industrial zone, and individual enterprise, with the objective of boosting economic development while lessening environmental and resource challenges. Environmental supply chain cooperation (ESCC), an approach that utilizes customer and supplier cooperation in environmental management, has been initiated among Chinese enterprises. Using survey data collected from 396 Chinese manufacturers, we examine the role of ESCC practices in influencing the relationship between implementing CE practices and the achievement of performance outcomes by testing the moderation and mediation effects of ESCC practices on the CE practice‐performance relationship through hierarchical regression analysis. Our data analyses indicate that ESCC practices are useful by moderation and, in some cases, essential by mediation, for Chinese manufacturers seeking to realize the performance targets desired in CE practices. The results highlight the need for Chinese manufacturers to improve supply chain coordination in their implementation of CE. On the policy side, our research findings suggest that ESCC practices are beneficial and, in some cases, necessary for the development of CE in China.     

基于集对分析的城市生态系统健康评价—以兰州为例

城市生态系统是城市社会经济发展的基础和载体,但城市生态系统健康状况问题中包含多种不确定性因素,而集对分析可以有效处理这种不确定性.论文以特大型综合性城市兰州为研究案例,基于集对分析方法,构建包括生产力、生活态、生态势和生机度的城市生命力指数,诊断兰州城市生态系统2002至2008年间的健康状态.研究结果表明:2002～2008年,兰州市城市生态系统健康状况呈上升趋势,其健康联系度由2002年的0.451增至2008年的0.519,但总体水平仍不高.该研究为兰州市城市规划和生态建设推荐了重点行动领域,同时也可为兰州市实施可持续发展战略提供决策依据.     

长期施肥对双季稻田甲烷排放和关键功能微生物的影响

研究不同施肥措施对双季稻田甲烷(CH_4)排放特征的影响及其微生物学机理,对合理利用及评价不同施肥模式对水稻生长的影响具有重要意义。以长期施肥定位试验田为平台,采用静态箱-气相色谱法对施用化肥(MF:mineral fertilizer alone)、秸秆还田配施化肥(RF:rice residues plus mineral fertilizer)、30%有机肥配施70%化肥(LOM:30%organic matter plus 70%mineral fertilizer)、60%有机肥配施40%化肥(HOM:60%organic matter plus 40%mineral fertilizer)和无肥(CK:without fertilizer)条件下双季稻田CH_4排放及其微生物学机理进行了分析。结果表明,早稻和晚稻生长期,不同施肥处理稻田CH_4排放通量均显著高于CK,表现为HOMLOMRFMFCK。各处理间CH_4总排放量差异达显著水平,其大小顺序与排放通量趋势一致,以HOM处理为最高,比CK处理增加105.56%,其次是LOM和RF处理,分别比CK处理增加72.97%和54.17%。关键功能土壤微生物测定结果表明,早稻和晚稻各个主要生育时期,各处理稻田土壤产甲烷古菌的数量变化范围为(3.18—81.07)×10~3cfu/g,土壤甲烷氧化细菌的数量变化范围为(24.82—379.72)×10~3cfu/g。稻田土壤产甲烷古菌和甲烷氧化细菌数量大小顺序为HOMLOMRFMFCK,各施肥处理均显著高于CK;HOM、LOM、RF处理显著高于MF、CK处理。双季稻田CH_4排放与稻田土壤产甲烷古菌、甲烷氧化细菌数量变化关系密切。采用有机无机肥配施促进了双季稻田生态系统CH_4的排放和关键功能微生物的数量。     

基于多源遥感数据的景观格局及预测研究

以TM、中巴资源卫星和环境与灾害监测预报小卫星等遥感影像为数据源,利用ENVI 4.7、ARCGIS 9.2、IDRISI 15等软件,研究了西安市辖区的景观特征与空间格局,预测了未来的景观变化,提出了景观格局预测的数据转化和多距离空间分析的精简步骤.结果表明:研究区的景观本底是一个由林地和耕地构成的复合景观基质,建设用地在研究时段内呈现持续增加趋势,且2004-2011年间的增加量高于2000-2004年间的增加量;林地面积略有降低,林地和草地总面积略呈增长趋势,水域和未利用地面积变化较小.研究时段内的景观破碎化程度在降低,林地景观的连通性增强了,耕地的降低了.各景观类型在所设定的最大预期研究尺度下均呈现显著的聚集空间格局;各年和各景观类型之间的聚集、随机和离散的临界阈值差别相对比较大;水域和未利用地的空间聚集强度明显高于耕地、林地、草地和城乡建设用地;耕地和草地空间分布存在一个异质性最大的特征尺度,且均出现了聚集分布、随机分布和离散分布3种分布格局,以2011年最为明显.利用景观指数法和多距离空间聚类分析方法研究景观格局特征的效果要比单一的景观指数法较理想.CA-Markov模型模拟的结果基本能够反映未来的景观格局状况.     

大鼠急性肾缺血再灌注损伤模型的建立与评估

目的：对现有的经腹部切口建立急性肾缺血再灌注损伤动物模型进行改良,探索建立急性肾缺血再灌注损伤模型的新方法。方法：实验组大鼠16例,经背部切口进入腹膜后间隙,游离钳夹双侧肾动脉45min后开放血流,建立急性肾缺血再灌注损伤模型;伪手术组8例,不夹闭肾动脉,余步骤与实验组相同;对照组8例无处理。术后通过建模成功率、组织病理检查、血肌酐和血尿素氮及氧化应激水平对模型进行评估。结果：实验组15只成功建立急性肾缺血再灌注损伤模型。术后1天病理检查显示实验组肾组织出现广泛损伤,术后实验组’肾小管坏死评分、肾MDA水平、血肌酐及血尿素氮值明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：经背部切口钳夹双侧肾动脉可建立稳定的大鼠急性肾缺血再灌注损伤模型。该造模方法简便易行,成功率高,且具备手术切口小、手术时间短及并发症少的优点,建立的模型适合于急性肾损伤的研究。     

Two new dianthramide glucosides with cardiomyocytes protective activity from Aconitum carmichaelii

Two new dianthramide glucosides, N-(2′-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5′-hydroxysalicyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (1) and N-(2′-β-d-glucopyranosyl-5′-hydroxysalicyl)-4-hydroxyanthranilic acid methyl ester (2), together with five known glycosides, were isolated from the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. In the in vitro assays, compounds 1 and 2 showed activity against pentobarbital sodium-induced cardiomyocytes damage by recovering beating rhythm and increasing the cell viability.     

Ⅱa型组蛋白脱乙酰基酶在心血管系统中的作用

组蛋白脱乙酰基酶(histone deacetylases, HDACs)具有转录抑制功能,近年来发现其参与心血管系统的分化发育,调控多种刺激诱发的心肌肥大及其相关基因表达.本文就有关Ⅱa型HDACs在心血管系统中作用的研究进展作一综述.     

Response of osteoblasts to low fluid shear stress is time dependent

The process of mechanotransduction of bone, the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into a biochemical response, is known to occur in osteoblasts in response to fluid shear stress. In order to understand the reaction of osteoblasts to various times of flow perfusion, osteoblasts were seeded on three-dimensional scaffolds, and cultured in the following conditions: continuous flow perfusion, intermittent flow perfusion, and static condition. We collected samples on day 4, 8 and 12 for analysis. Osteoblast proliferation was demonstrated by cell proliferation and scanning electron microscopy assay. Additionally, the expression of known markers of differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, were tested by qRT-PCR and alkaline phosphatase activity assay, and the deposition of calcium was used as an indicator of mineralization demonstrated by calcium content assay. The results supported that low fluid shear stress plays an important role in the activation of osteoblasts: enhance cell proliferation, increase calcium deposition, and promote the expression of osteoblastic markers. Furthermore, the continuous flow perfusion is a more favorable environment for the initiation of osteoblast activity compared with intermittent flow perfusion. Therefore, the force and time of fluid shear stress are important parameters for osteoblast activation.     

小麦过氧化物酶特异表达模式与生化性质研究

通过大量不同类型品种的普通小麦、杂交品系Ｆ１代等,对过氧化物酶的特异表达与遗传转换模式及转录间的关系进行屯研究。有关生化性质研究也显示了其ＡＡ组成、含量特征的生化性关系。