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891.
In the long-term cultivated callus cultures ofMatricaria recutita L. the identical concentration changes in the biosynthesis of glutathione, glutamate, aspartate, total thiols and proteins
were detected within the subculture. The level of oxidized glutathione during the growth of callus culture was low with the
highest value 10.66 nmol g-1 on the 13th day of subculture. The ratio GSH/GSSG which significantly influences the redox processes in a cell, and the activity
of glutathione reductase increased from the 8th day. Ascorbate formation was detected on the 17th day, although no relation
between the ascorbate synthesis and the concentration of glutathione and glutathione reductase was found. 相似文献
892.
Catherin Niemann Volker Brinkmann Eva Spitzer Guido Hartmann Martin Sachs Helga Naundorf Walter Birchmeier 《The Journal of cell biology》1998,143(2):533-545
We have established a cell culture system that reproduces morphogenic processes in the developing mammary gland. EpH4 mouse mammary epithelial cells cultured in matrigel form branched tubules in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), the ligand of the c-met tyrosine kinase receptor. In contrast, alveolar structures are formed in the presence of neuregulin, a ligand of c-erbB tyrosine kinase receptors. These distinct morphogenic responses can also be observed with selected human mammary carcinoma tissue in explant culture. HGF/SF-induced branching was abrogated by the PI3 kinase inhibitors wortmannin and . In contrast, neuregulin- induced alveolar morphogenesis was inhibited by the MAPK kinase inhibitor PD98059. The c-met–mediated response could also be evoked by transfection of a c-met specific substrate, Gab1, which can activate the PI3 kinase pathway. An activated hybrid receptor that contained the intracellular domain of c-erbB2 receptor suffices to induce alveolar morphogenesis, and was observed in the presence of tyrosine residues Y1028, Y1144, Y1201, and Y1226/27 in the substrate-binding domain of c-erbB2. Our data demonstrate that c-met and c-erbB2 signaling elicit distinct morphogenic programs in mammary epithelial cells: formation of branched tubules relies on a pathway involving PI3 kinase, whereas alveolar morphogenesis requires MAPK kinase. LY294002相似文献
893.
Normal telomere length and chromosomal end capping in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase–deficient mice and primary cells despite increased chromosomal instability 下载免费PDF全文
894.
Bengtsson E Mörgelin M Sasaki T Timpl R Heinegård D Aspberg A 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2002,277(17):15061-15068
PRELP (proline arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein) is a heparin-binding leucine-rich repeat protein in connective tissue extracellular matrix. In search of natural ligands and biological functions of this molecule, we found that PRELP binds the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan. Also, recombinant perlecan domains I and V carrying heparan sulfate bound PRELP, whereas other domains without glycosaminoglycan substitution did not. Heparin, but not chondroitin sulfate, inhibited the interactions. Glycosaminoglycan-free recombinant perlecan domain V and mutated domain I did not bind PRELP. The dissociation constants of the PRELP-perlecan interactions were in the range of 3-18 nm as determined by surface plasmon resonance. As expected, truncated PRELP, without the heparin-binding domain, did not bind perlecan. Confocal immunohistochemistry showed that PRELP outlines basement membranes with a location adjacent to perlecan. We also found that PRELP binds collagen type I and type II through its leucine-rich repeat domain. Electron microscopy visualized a complex with PRELP binding simultaneously to the triple helical region of procollagen I and the heparan sulfate chains of perlecan. Based on the location of PRELP and its interaction with perlecan heparan sulfate chains and collagen, we propose a function of PRELP as a molecule anchoring basement membranes to the underlying connective tissue. 相似文献
895.
896.
Eva A. Andersson Johnny Nilsson Zhijia Ma Alf Thorstensson 《European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology》1997,75(2):115-123
The purpose of this study was to provide objective information on the involvement of different abdominal and hip flexor muscles
during various types of common training exercises used in rehabilitation and sport. Six healthy male subjects performed altogether
38 different static and dynamic training exercises – trunk and hip flexion sit-ups, with various combinations of leg position
and support, and bi- and unilateral leg lifts. Myoelectric activity was recorded with surface electrodes from the rectus abdominis,
obliquus externus, obliquus internus, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles and with indwelling fine-wire electrodes from
the iliacus muscle. The mean electromyogram amplitude, normalised to the highest observed value, was compared between static
and dynamic exercises separately. The hip flexors were highly activated only in exercises involving hip flexion, either lifting
the whole upper body or the legs. In contrast, the abdominal muscles showed marked activation both during trunk and hip flexion
sit-ups. In hip flexion sit-ups, flexed and supported legs increased hip flexor activation, whereas such modifications did
not generally alter the activation level of the abdominals. Bilateral, but not unilateral, leg lifts required activation of
abdominal muscles. In trunk flexion sit-ups an increased activation of the abdominal muscles was observed with increased flexion
angle, whereas the opposite was true for hip flexion sit-ups. Bilateral leg lifts resulted in higher activity levels than
hip flexion sit-ups for the iliacus and sartorius muscles, while the opposite was true for rectus femoris muscles. These data
could serve as a basis for improving the design and specificity of test and training exercises.
Accepted: 12 August 1996 相似文献
897.
Could glucose be a proaging factor? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
There is an ever-increasing scientific interest for the interplay between cell's environment and the aging process. Although it is known that calorie restriction affects longevity, the exact molecular mechanisms through which nutrients influence various cell signalling/modulators of lifespan remain a largely unresolved issue. Among nutrients, glucose constitutes an evolutionarily stable, precious metabolic fuel, which is catabolized through glycolytic pathway providing energy in the form of ATP and consuming NAD. Accumulating evidence shows that among the important regulators of aging process are autophagy, sirtuin activity and oxidative stress. In light of recent work indicating that glucose availability decreases lifespan whilst impaired glucose metabolism extends life expectancy, the present article deals with the potential role of glucose in the aging process by regulating - directly through its metabolism or indirectly through insulin secretion - autophagy, sirtuins as well as other modulators of aging like oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). 相似文献
898.
Warwar N Dov A Abramovitch E Wu R Jmoudiak M Haber E Cerasi E Nesher R 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2008,1783(10):1929-1934
Endocrine cells produce large amounts of one or more peptides. The post-translational control of selective production of a single protein is often unknown. We used 3 unrelated approaches to diminish PKCepsilon in rat islets to evaluate its role in preferential glucose-mediated insulin production. Transfection with siRNA (siR-PKCepsilon) or expression of inactive PKCepsilon (PKCepsilon-KD) resulted in a significant reduction in insulin response to glucose (16.7 mmol/l). Glucose stimulation resulted in concentration of PKCepsilon in the perinuclear region, an area known to be rich in ER-Golgi systems, associated with insulin-containing structures. ss'COP1 (RACK2) is the anchoring protein for PKCepsilon. Glucose-stimulated proinsulin production was diminished by 50% in islets expressing PKCepsilon-KD, and 60% in islets expressing RACK2 binding protein (epsilonV1-2); total protein biosynthesis was not affected. In islets expressing epsilonV1-2, a chase period following glucose stimulus resulted in a reduced proinsulin conversion to mature insulin. We propose that PKCepsilon plays a specific role in mediating the glucose-signal into insulin production: binding to ss'COP1 localizes the activated enzyme to the RER where it modulates the shuttling of proinsulin to the TGN. Subsequently the enzyme may be involved in anterograde trafficking of the prohormone or in its processing within the TGN. 相似文献
899.
Mixed monolayers of the ganglioside GM1 and the lipid dipalmitoylphosphatidlycholine (DPPC) at air-water and solid-air interfaces were investigated using various biophysical techniques to ascertain the location and phase behavior of the ganglioside molecules in a mixed membrane. The effects induced by GM1 on the mean molecular area of the binary mixtures and the phase behavior of DPPC were followed for GM1 concentrations ranging from 5 to 70 mol %. Surface pressure isotherms and fluorescence microscopy imaging of domain formation indicate that at low concentrations of GM1 (<25 mol %), the monolayer becomes continually more condensed than DPPC upon further addition of ganglioside. At higher GM1 concentrations (>25 mol %), the mixed monolayer becomes more expanded or fluid-like. After deposition onto a solid substrate, atomic force microscopy imaging of these lipid monolayers showed that GM1 and DPPC pack cooperatively in the condensed phase domain to form geometrically packed complexes that are more ordered than either individual component as evidenced by a more extended total height of the complex arising from a well-packed hydrocarbon tail region. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction on the DPPC/GM1 binary mixture provides evidence that ordering can emerge when two otherwise fluid components are mixed together. The addition of GM1 to DPPC gives rise to a unit cell that differs from that of a pure DPPC monolayer. To determine the region of the GM1 molecule that interacts with the DPPC molecule and causes condensation and subsequent expansion of the monolayer, surface pressure isotherms were obtained with molecules modeling the backbone or headgroup portions of the GM1 molecule. The observed concentration-dependent condensing and fluidizing effects are specific to the rigid, sugar headgroup portion of the GM1 molecule. 相似文献
900.
Jebelovszki E Kiraly C Erdei N Feher A Pasztor ET Rutkai I Forster T Edes I Koller A Bagi Z 《American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology》2008,294(6):H2558-H2564
The impact of obesity on nitric oxide (NO)-mediated coronary microvascular responses is poorly understood. Thus NO-mediated vasomotor responses were investigated in pressurized coronary arterioles ( approximately 100 microm) isolated from lean (on normal diet) and obese (fed with 60% of saturated fat) rats. We found that dilations to acetylcholine (ACh) were not significantly different in obese and lean rats (lean, 83 +/- 4%; and obese, 85 +/- 3% at 1 microM), yet the inhibition of NO synthesis with N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester reduced ACh-induced dilations only in vessels of lean controls. The presence of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor oxadiazolo-quinoxaline (ODQ) elicited a similar reduction in ACh-induced dilations in the two groups of vessels (lean, 60 +/- 11%; and obese, 57 +/- 3%). Dilations to NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and diethylenetriamine (DETA)-NONOate were enhanced in coronary arterioles of obese compared with lean control rats (lean, 63 +/- 6% and 51 +/- 5%; and obese, 78 +/- 5% and 70 +/- 5%, respectively, at 1 microM), whereas dilations to 8-bromo-cGMP were not different in the two groups. In the presence of ODQ, both SNP and DETA-NONOate-induced dilations were reduced to a similar level in lean and obese rats. Moreover, SNP-stimulated cGMP immunoreactivity in coronary arterioles and also cGMP levels in carotid arteries were enhanced in obese rats, whereas the protein expression of endothelial NOS and the sGC beta1-subunit were not different in the two groups. Collectively, these findings suggest that in coronary arterioles of obese rats, the increased activity of sGC leads to an enhanced sensitivity to NO, which may contribute to the maintenance of NO-mediated dilations and coronary perfusion in obesity. 相似文献