Quecksilber in Federn des Sperbers(Accipiter nisus) aus dem Erzgebirge

Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Quecksilbergehalt von 48 Mauserfedern (Hand- und Armschwingen) des Sperbers aus dem Erzgebirge (Freistaat Sachsen, BRD) untersucht. Die Federn stammen von 37 Weibchen und wurden zwischen 1980 und 1998 gesammelt. Zum Vergleich dienen fünf Federproben von Museumspräparaten, die vor 1930 auf dem Gebiet des Freistaates Sachsen gesammelt wurden. Die Federproben wurden mit der Hamburger Protonenmikrosonde analysiert. Die Quecksilbergehalte der Mauserfedern des selben Vogels können relativ große Unterschiede aufweisen (n=3 ). Eine deutliche Reduktion der Hg-Konzentration mit fortschreitender Handschwingenmauser zeigte nur ein Weibchen. Als Vergleichswert für eine Hg-Grundbelastung vor 1930 wurden 2,7 ppm Hg (n=5) ermittelt. Die in den 1980er Jahren stark angestiegenen Konzentrationswerte (x_G=22,6 ppm, n=25) fielen 1997/98 auf 4,0 ppm Hg (n=10) ab, was auf eine Verringerung des anthropogenen Quecksilbereintrages in die Umwelt nach 1990 schließen lässt. Regionale Kontaminationsunterschiede zeichneten sich zwischen dem Gebiet der Großstadt Chemnitz und dem höher belasteten Umland ab (1980–1990). Die höchsten Quecksilbergehalte wurden in Sperberfedern aus dem Bereich Niederwiesa-Flöha-Falkennau festgestellt (Landkreis Freiberg).

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Mercury in the feathers of the Sparrowhawk(Accipiter nisus) from the Erz Mountains

Summary The present paper examines the concentration of mercury in 48 moult-feathers (primaries and secondaries) of the Sparrowhawk from the Erzgebirge region (province of Saxony, Germany). The feathers were collected from 37 females between 1980 and 1998. Five feather-samples of museum-preparations, collected in the area of the federal state of Sachsen before 1930, serve to provide a comparison with times with a low Hg use. All samples were analysed by the Hamburg proton micro-probe. The mercury contents of the moultfeathers from the same bird showed relatively great differences (n=3 ). Only one female showed a clear reduction of the Hg concentration with the progressive moult of the primaries. The feather-samples, collected before 1930, contained 2.7 ppm mercury (n=5). The concentration increased in the eighties up to 22.6 ppm (n=25) and decreased to 4.0 ppm in 1997/98. There was a reduction of the amount of mercury entering the environment as a result of human activities after 1990. Regional deviations of contamination were characteristic between the area of the city Chemnitz and the highly contaminated surroundings (1980–1990). The highest mercury concentration was established in the moult-feathers from the region of Niederwiesa-Flöha-Falkenau (county Freiberg, 1990).

     

ACUTE EFFECTS OF MOVEMENT VELOCITY ON BLOOD LACTATE AND GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSES AFTER ECCENTRIC BENCH PRESS EXERCISE IN RESISTANCE-TRAINED MEN

This study aimed to compare the effects of different velocities of eccentric muscle actions on acute blood lactate and serum growth hormone (GH) concentrations following free weight bench press exercises performed by resistance-trained men. Sixteen healthy men were divided into two groups: slow eccentric velocity (SEV; n = 8) and fast eccentric velocity (FEV; n = 8). Both groups performed four sets of eight eccentric repetitions at an intensity of 70% of their one repetition maximum eccentric (1RMecc) test, with 2-minute rest intervals between sets. The eccentric velocity was controlled to 3 seconds per range of motion for SEV and 0.5 seconds for the FEV group. There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) in the kinetics of blood lactate removal (at 3, 6, 9, 15, and 20 min) and higher mean values for peak blood lactate (P = 0.001) for the SEV group (9.1 ± 0.5 mM) compared to the FEV group (6.1 ± 0.4 mM). Additionally, serum GH concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.001) at 15 minutes after bench press exercise in the SEV group (1.7 ± 0.6 ng · mL⁻¹) relative to the FEV group (0.1 ± 0.0 ng · mL⁻¹). In conclusion, the velocity of eccentric muscle action influences acute responses following bench press exercises performed by resistance-trained men using a slow velocity resulting in a greater metabolic stress and hormone response.     

Mechanical Allodynia Circuitry in the Dorsal Horn Is Defined by the Nature of the Injury

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Interstitial cells from the atrial and ventricular sides of the bovine mitral valve respond differently to denuding endocardial injury

Summary The mitral valve has atrial and ventricular sides, each lined by endocardial cells. The valve stroma contains α smooth muscle actin positive interstitial cells, collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and elastic tissue. To eliminate the effect of endocardium on wound repair in bovine mitral valve organ culture, the endocardium was removed from both sides of the valve. At 6 days, organ cultures of these preparations revealed surface cells on the ventricular side but not on the atrial side. Ventricular surface cells were negative for Factor VIII-related antigen, and positive for α smooth muscle actin. Immuno-peroxidase staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen/cyclin, a marker for cell proliferation, revealed a positive labeling index of (mean ± standard deviation) 0.08 ± 0.16% for interstitial cells from the atrial side and 0.14 ± 0.19% for ventricular side interstitial cells in uncultured preparations (not significant), and 0.44 ± 0.69% for atrial side interstitial cells and 2.25 ± 1.64% for ventricular side interstitial cells in the cultured preparations (significant,P<0.0006). The results suggest that in organ culture, interstitial cells from the ventricular side of the mitral valve respond to a denuding endocardial injury by proliferating and migrating onto the adjacent surface whereas interstitial cells from the atrial side do not. This difference in the response to injury of interstitial cells from the atrial and ventricular sides of the valve may reflect differences in phenotype or may be due to effects of extracellular matrix on interstitial cell behavior. The latter is possible because of differences in the extracellular matrix of the atrial and ventricular sides of the valve.     

Q-banding of chromosomes in human spontaneous abortions

Chromosome studies of 242 spontaneous abortions were carried out by Q-banding technique. The abortuses were selected for study because they were phenotypically abnormal, had not progressed beyond 12 weeks development or were from women with repeated abortions. Chromosome anomalies were found in 126 (52%) of the abortuses. Of these, 71 (56%) were trisomies. Trisomies were found for all the autosomes except Nos. 1, 3, 5, 11, 17 and 18. Triploidy was the second commonest anomaly in this series, making up 26 (21%) of the total anomalies. About 70% of these had an XXY sex chromosome complement. Only 16 (13%) of the abortuses had X monosomy, a lower frequency than would be expected in an unselected study. Tetraploidy was found in 8 abortuses and the 5 remaining specimens had various anomalies. These included 3 translocations, a trisomy 21,X monosomy and a ring chromosome 13. Except for the greater frequency of XXY than XXX sex chromosomes in the triploids, there was no evidence of a distortion of the sex ratio, either among the trisomic or among the chromosomally normal abortuses.     

CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOLATED EPIDERMAL DESMOSOMES

Desmosomes, isolated from cow nose epidermis by a method utilizing citrate buffer pH 2.6 and density gradient centrifugation, have been analyzed and found to contain approximately 76% protein, 17% carbohydrate, and 10% lipid. Nonpolar amino acids predominate in desmosomal protein, representing 456 residues per 1,000. The sialic acid content is 5 nM/mg of protein. The lipid fraction is composed of approximately 40% cholesterol and 60% phospholipids. Desmosomes are completely solubilized by incubation with 2% sodium dodecyl sulphate and 1% β-mercaptoethanol. Gel electrophoresis of the denatured desmosomal proteins reveals 24 bands, with mobilities corresponding to a molecular weight range of 15,000–230,000 daltons. Seven of these are considered to be major bands, together constituting 81% of the desmosomal protein. Bands 1 and 2, of molecular weights 230,000 and 210,000 daltons, together comprise 28% by weight of the desmosome. It is suggested that these protein chains are located in the desmosomal plaque. Bands 3 and 4 are PAS-positive, constitute 23% of the desmosomal protein, and have apparent molecular weights of 140,000 and 120,000 daltons, respectively. At least part of this material must originate from the carbohydrate-containing layer which is demonstrated, by histochemistry, to be present in the desmosomal interspace. The possible nature and origin of the remaining major bands, of molecular weights 90,000, 75,000, and 60,000 daltons, are discussed.