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Agrawal NK Jain P Garg S 《Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology》2012,28(7):568-569
The empty sella turcica is defined as the herniation of the subarachnoid space within the sella with displacement of the pituitary towards the posteroinferior wall. By autopsy studies, the incidence in the general population is around 20%. The association of prolactinoma and empty sella has been coincidental & infrequently reported. As such for microadenoma, visual field testing and screening for hypopituitarism is not needed, but if it is associated with empty sella, both visual field testing and screening for hypopituitarism is necessary. 相似文献
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Inflammation and oxidative stress, elicited by Trypanosoma cruzi infection, are important pathologic events during progressive Chagasic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we infected Sprague-Dawley rats with T. cruzi, and treated with phenyl-α-tert-butylnitrone (PBN-antioxidant) and/or benznidazole (BZ-anti-parasite). We employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry to investigate (a) the plasma proteomic changes associated with infection and disease development, and (b) the beneficial effects of PBN and BZ in controlling the disease-associated plasma profile. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight (MALDI-TOF) tandem MS (MS/MS) analysis of differentially expressed (total 146) and oxidized (total 48) protein spots yielded 92 unique proteins. Our data showed that treatment with PBN and BZ restored the differential expression of 65% and 30% of the disease-associated proteins to normal level, respectively, and PBN prevented development of oxidative adducts on plasma proteins. Western blotting to detect dinitrophenyl-derivatized carbonyl-proteins revealed plasma proteins were maximally oxidized during acute infection. Functional and disease/disorder analyses allocated a majority of the differentially expressed and oxidized proteins into inflammation/immunity and lipid metabolism categories and to molecular pathways associated with heart disease (e.g. cardiac infarction, contractile dysfunction, hypertrophy, and hypertension) in chagasic rats, and to curative pathways (e.g. ROS scavenging capacity, immune regulation) in infected rats treated with PBN and/or BZ. We validated the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis results by Western blotting, and demonstrated that the disease-associated increased expression of gelsolin and vimentin and release of cardiac MYL2 in the plasma of chagasic rats was returned to control level by PBN/BZ treatment. Increased plasma levels of gelsolin, MYL2 and vimentin were directly correlated with the severity of cardiac disease in human chagasic patients. Together, these results demonstrate the plasma oxidative and inflammatory response profile, and plasma detection of cardiac proteins parallels the pathologic events contributing to Chagas disease development, and is of potential utility in diagnosing disease severity and designing suitable therapy for management of human chagasic patients. 相似文献
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Granich R Kahn JG Bennett R Holmes CB Garg N Serenata C Sabin ML Makhlouf-Obermeyer C De Filippo Mack C Williams P Jones L Smyth C Kutch KA Ying-Ru L Vitoria M Souteyrand Y Crowley S Korenromp EL Williams BG 《PloS one》2012,7(2):e30216
Background
Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) significantly reduces HIV transmission. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of the impact of expanded ART in South Africa.Methods
We model a best case scenario of 90% annual HIV testing coverage in adults 15–49 years old and four ART eligibility scenarios: CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 (current practice), CD4 count <350, CD4 count <500, all CD4 levels. 2011–2050 outcomes include deaths, disability adjusted life years (DALYs), HIV infections, cost, and cost per DALY averted. Service and ART costs reflect South African data and international generic prices. ART reduces transmission by 92%. We conducted sensitivity analyses.Results
Expanding ART to CD4 count <350 cells/mm3 prevents an estimated 265,000 (17%) and 1.3 million (15%) new HIV infections over 5 and 40 years, respectively. Cumulative deaths decline 15%, from 12.5 to 10.6 million; DALYs by 14% from 109 to 93 million over 40 years. Costs drop $504 million over 5 years and $3.9 billion over 40 years with breakeven by 2013. Compared with the current scenario, expanding to <500 prevents an additional 585,000 and 3 million new HIV infections over 5 and 40 years, respectively. Expanding to all CD4 levels decreases HIV infections by 3.3 million (45%) and costs by $10 billion over 40 years, with breakeven by 2023. By 2050, using higher ART and monitoring costs, all CD4 levels saves $0.6 billion versus current; other ART scenarios cost $9–194 per DALY averted. If ART reduces transmission by 99%, savings from all CD4 levels reach $17.5 billion. Sensitivity analyses suggest that poor retention and predominant acute phase transmission reduce DALYs averted by 26% and savings by 7%.Conclusion
Increasing the provision of ART to <350 cells/mm3 may significantly reduce costs while reducing the HIV burden. Feasibility including HIV testing and ART uptake, retention, and adherence should be evaluated. 相似文献127.
Coping with pressure and anxiety is an ineluctable demand of sports performance. Heart rate variability (HRV) Biofeedback
(BFB) shall be used as a tool for self regulating physiological responses resulting in improved psycho physiological interactions.
For further analysis, the present study has been designed to examine the relationship between anxiety and performance and
also effectiveness of biofeedback protocol to create stress-eliciting situation in basketball players. Thirty basketball players
of university level and above (both male and female) aged 18–28 years, who scored a minimum of 20 in state trait anxiety inventory,
were randomly divided into three equal groups- Experimental (Biofeedback) group, Placebo group and Control (No Treatment)
group. The BFB group received HRV BFB training for 10 consecutive days for 20 min that included breathing at individual’s
resonant frequency through a pacing stimulus; Placebo group was shown motivational video clips for 10 consecutive days for
10 min, whereas No Treatment Control group was not given any intervention. Two way repeated measure ANOVA was applied to analyze
the differences within and between the groups. Anxiety, coping self-efficacy, heart rate variability, respiration rate, and
performance (dribbling, passing and shooting) at session 1, 10 and 1 month follow up were statistically significant in each
group along with interaction of group and time (p < 0.001). Also, all the measures showed statistically significant inter group difference (p < 0.05). The findings are harmonious with existing data on HRV BFB as a strategy for dealing with anxiety. The Placebo group
showed improvement in self efficacy and performance post training. The Control group showed no change in any variable except
performance. The results of the study support the idea that HRV BFB lowers the anxiety and thus there seems to be a potential
association between HRV BFB and performance optimization. 相似文献
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Nadine?AME?van der BeekEmail author Juna?M?de Vries Marloes?LC?Hagemans Wim?CJ?Hop Marian?A?Kroos John?HJ?Wokke Marianne?de Visser Baziel?GM?van Engelen Jan?BM?Kuks Anneke?J?van der Kooi Nicolette?C?Notermans Karin?G?Faber Jan?JGM?Verschuuren Arnold?JJ?Reuser Ans?T?van der Ploeg Pieter?A?van Doorn 《Orphanet journal of rare diseases》2012,7(1):88