脱氢表雄酮调节HepG2/GFP-HBx细胞p16基因甲基化及其与细胞周期和凋亡的相关性

目的探讨HBx与p16基因甲基化的关系,研究脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）对p16基因甲基化以及细胞周期和细胞凋亡的调节作用。方法以HepG2、HepG2/GFP和HepG2/GFP-HBx三种细胞为材料,采用MTT法检测细胞生长;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡率;MSP-PCR检测p16基因甲基化水平。比较分析HBx与p16基因启动子甲基化、DHEA与各检测指标的关系。结果HepG2/GFP-HBx细胞与HepG2细胞和HepG2/GFP细胞相比,细胞的增殖速度提高（P〈0.05）,G0/G1期细胞减少,S期细胞增多（P〈0.05）,凋亡率降低（P〈0.05）;HepG2/GFP-HBx细胞的p16基因启动子呈现高水平甲基化,HepG2和HepG2/GFP细胞呈现高水平非甲基化。100μmol/L的DHEA使三种细胞的增殖速度降低（P〈0.05）,G0/G1期细胞增加,S期细胞减少（P〈0.05）,凋亡率提高（P〈0.05）。DHEA可下调HepG2/GFP-HBx细胞的p16基因启动子甲基化水平,但对HepG2和HepG2/GFP细胞的p16基因启动子甲基化水平不产生影响。结论HBx引起肝癌细胞p16基因甲基化,并缩短细胞周期抑制细胞凋亡;DHEA可明显下调HBx引起的p16基因甲基化水平,延长细胞周期促进细胞凋亡,在无HBx基因整合的情况下,DHEA对肝癌细胞生长、细胞周期和凋亡的影响不通过p16基因甲基化的途径实现。     

含铜抗菌不锈钢的抗菌性能研究

对铁素体和奥氏体2种含铜抗菌不锈钢的抗菌性能进行了考察.采用覆膜法检测抗菌率,用透射电镜观察与铁素体抗菌不锈钢作用后的大肠埃希菌细胞形态.2种抗菌不锈钢材料对供试的 17 株常见菌,除产气肠杆菌外均显示较强的抗菌性能,抗菌谱广;铁素体和奥氏体对1×107 cfu/mL及以下浓度的大肠埃希菌在 24 h内杀灭率达到99%;铁素体和奥氏体分别在作用 3 h和 9 h时可将1×107 cfu/mL的大肠埃希菌全部杀灭;打磨次数和环境温度的变化不影响2种抗菌不锈钢的杀菌率;透射电镜结果显示,与抗菌不锈钢作用后的大肠埃希菌菌体结构松散,细胞壁和细胞膜破裂,有内容物漏出.铁素体和奥氏体抗菌不锈钢均具优良的抗菌性能,抗菌谱广,与其作用后的细菌菌体破裂,有内容物溶出,最终致菌死亡.     

真核表达编码Ag85A基因重组体的构建

抗原85复合体（Ag85）是BCG合成的能够刺激机体产生细胞免疫和体液免疫的多种成分之一,Ag85A是抗原85复合体组成成分之一,可显著刺激细胞免疫功能增强。为研究经口接种Ag85A的DNA疫苗的免疫效应,根据结核分枝杆菌Ag85A的基因序列自行设计了一对PCR引物,以人型结核杆菌H37Rv标准毒力株的DNA为模板,经过PCR扩增出Ag85A目的基因,纯化PCR产物TA克隆入载体pUCm-T载体,蓝白斑筛选将回收的PCR产物用限制性核酸内切酶Xhol和BamHI双酶酶切后,经T4DNA连接酶作用,与真核表达载体pCDNA3．1^＋连接,筛选得到的阳性克隆经DNA测序鉴定证实为Ag85A基因,且被克隆到载体pCDNA3．1^＋中的CMV启动子的下游,成功构建并鉴定的真核表达载体pCDNA3．1^＋携带Ag85A基因的重组体,命名为pCDNA3．1^＋／Ag85A。将其转化大肠埃希菌并使之大量扩增,并采用无内毒素提取质粒方法收集此重组质粒DNA．即为可经口途径喂饲小鼠的结核杆菌Ag85A的DNA疫苗,为口服DNA疫苗的临床应用研究奠定基础。     

金鱼PP2A-B′家族δ基因cDNA的克隆及表达分析

通过3′-RACE及5′-RACE技术克隆得到了金鱼蛋白磷酸酶2A（protein phosphatase2A,PP2A）调节亚基B′家族δ（Delta）基因的cDNA全序列.结果显示,金鱼δ基因cDNA全长2415bp,编码一个含555个氨基酸的蛋白.序列分析表明,该基因编码的蛋白与已知其他物种对应的B′家族蛋白质均有着很高的同源性.RT-PCR分析证明,该基因mRNA表达水平在大脑中为最高,肝脏、精巢、卵巢、肾脏和鳃中次之,鳍中最少.在不同胚胎时期中,两细胞期、多细胞期、囊胚期和原肠胚期表达最高,其他时期相对较低.在蛋白水平上,精巢、卵巢、大脑和心脏中最高,肝脏中次之,肾脏、鳃和鳍中最少.在胚胎中,两细胞期、多细胞期、囊胚期、原肠胚期和神经胚期及视原基期表达最高,脑泡分化和眼色素期表达量最少.由此可以推测PP2AB′-δ基因在金鱼不同组织和胚胎发育的不同时期中可能起着多种重要作用.     

(18)F-labelling of A-ring substituted 16alpha-fluoro-estradiols as potential radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging

The 2-methoxy derivative of estradiol is currently in Phase II clinical trial as an anticancer agent while the 4-methyl derivative has been shown to interact with cytoplasmic and nuclear estrogen receptors in rat pituitary gland and hypothalamus. We hypothesize that the 16alpha-(18)F-analogs of these estrogens could be suitable radiotracers to evaluate action mechanisms of the parent compounds. In this study we report the synthesis of the 16alpha-(18)F and 16alpha-(19)F-analogs of the A-ring substituted estradiols in high yield via stereoselective opening of the intermediate 16beta,17beta-O-cyclic sulfones with [(18)F]F(-) or F(-) followed by deprotection.     

DIVERSITY AND MORPHOLOGY OF SKELETONEMA SPECIES IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL,SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN1

We examined the morphology of Skeletonema species occurring in coastal waters of southern Brazil, on the basis of LM, SEM, and TEM analyses of six isolated strains and of 13 field samples from the Patos Lagoon estuary and the adjacent Cassino Beach. We concluded that the genus Skeletonema is highly diverse in coastal waters of southern Brazil, with the occurrence of four confirmed species: S. costatum, S. pseudocostatum, S. potamos, and S. tropicum. In addition, EM details must still be provided for S. menzelii, and genetic studies should be conducted to confirm the identity of S. cf. grethae and S. subsalsum. The high diversity in this geographic area can be attributed to the proximity of the Subtropical Convergence and to the freshwater ecosystems of Patos Lagoon and La Plata River that favor the presence of warm‐, cold‐, and brackish‐water species.     

口蹄疫病毒泛亚型O/CHINA/99株全长cDNA分子克隆构建和感染性鉴定

设计并合成了O型口蹄疫泛亚型代表毒株O/CHINA/99基因组9条引物,利用RT-PCR扩增各基因片段,酶切后连到pOK-12载体上,经酶切、PCR和序列测定表明,O/CHINA/99全基因组由8 200个核苷酸组成,构建的感染性cDNA与原毒株的序列同源性为99.1%;利用T7 RNA聚合酶系统进行体外转录,转录产物RNA用脂质体转入BHK-21细胞传代培养,可观察到典型的FMDV致细胞病变效应;拯救病毒接种2日龄乳鼠后,可出现典型的临床症状,并于16～48h内死亡。以上结果表明,O/CHINA/99株全长cDNA分子克隆构建成功,并从构建的全长cDNA拯救出了口蹄疫病毒。     

心脏特异表达LMNA^E82K转基因小鼠的建立

目的建立心脏特异表达LMNAE82K转基因小鼠,为研究LMNAE82K与心肌病发病机制的关系提供工具动物。方法把LMNAE82K基因插入α-MHC启动子下游,构建转基因表达载体,显微注射法建立C57BL/6JLMNAE82K转基因小鼠,PCR鉴定转基因小鼠的基因型,采用Western Blot鉴定LMNAE82K在心脏组织中的表达,H＆E染色和超声检测转基因小鼠心脏的病理改变。结果建立了2个心脏组织特异表达LMNAE82K的转基因小鼠品系。超声检查显示转基因小鼠心室壁变薄,收缩期容积和舒张期容积增加,射血分数及短轴缩短率降低。结论LMNAE82K转基因小鼠具有LMNAE82K引起的家族性扩心病有类似的病理变化,为研究LMNAE82K与心肌病发病机制的关系的研究提供了有价值的疾病动物模型。     

The 7R polymorphism in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) is associated with financial risk taking in men

Individuals exhibit substantial heterogeneity in financial risk aversion. Recent work on twins demonstrated that some variation is influenced by individual heritable differences. Despite this, there has been no study investigating possible genetic loci associated with financial risk taking in healthy individuals. Here, we examined whether there is an association between financial risk preferences, elicited experimentally in a game with real monetary payoffs, and the presence of the 7-repeat allele (7R+) in the dopamine receptor D₄ gene as well as the presence of the A1 allele (A1+) in the dopamine receptor D₂ gene in 94 young men. Although we found no association between the A1 allele and risk preferences, we did find that 7R+ men are significantly more risk loving than 7R? men. This polymorphism accounts for roughly 20% of the heritable variation in financial risk taking. We suggest that selection for the 7R allele may be for a behavioral phenotype associated with risk taking. This is consistent with previous evolutionary explanations suggesting that selection for this allele was for behaviors associated with migration and male competition, both of which entail an element of risk.