Cryptic species in Diacyclops bicuspidatus (Copepoda:Cyclopoida): evidence from crossbreeding studies

The problem of cryptic species in Diacyclops bicuspidatus was examined using interpopulation crosses of four populations collected from a: (1) permanent flood lake in Kiev, Ukraine, (2) temporary pool in Kiev, (3) permanent pond in St. Petersburg, Russia (1200 km to north from Kiev) and (4) lake in Crimea (1100 km south of Kiev). The only interpopulation crosses to exhibit fertility were those between the St. Petersburg population and each of the two Kiev populations. The crosses between the Kiev and Crimea populations, between the St. Petersburg and Crimea populations, and between the two Kiev populations were sterile, as evidenced by either nonviable eggs, empty egg membranes or incomplete copulations. The F₁ hybrids resulting from the St. Petersburg permanent pond X Kiev flood lake cross were fertile and produced mature F₂ offspring. Some data on development times of parental and hybrid lines are presented. The St. Petersburg parental line showed development times almost twice as long as those of the Kiev flood lake population when reared at 10 °C and 20 °C in the laboratory. The F₁ offspring of the cross between St. Petersburg females and Kiev floodlake males showed similar development times to females of the St. Petersburg parental lines at both temperatures. The F₂ hybrids also showed development times that approximated those of the St. Petersburg parental line. These crossbreeding studies suggest the presence of cryptic species in the D. bicuspidatus inhabiting ecologically different populations in many parts of its large holarctic range.     

Molecularly imprinted hydrophilic polymer sorbents for selective sorption of erythromycin

New hydrophilic polymer sorbents comprising reactionary sites which are complementary to a molecule of antibiotic erythromycin were synthesized by the method of molecular imprinting. A series of similar sorbents without reactionary sites was used for comparison of sorption characteristics. Sorption of erythromycin on both types of polymer sorbents synthesized was studied in a wide range of pH and ionic strength. Selectivity of erythromycin sorption on molecularly imprinted cross-linked polymers was shown to depend on the specific interaction of target molecule with polymer matrix. This type of sorbent is perspective for the development of antibiotic purification directly from a culture medium Saccharopolyspora erythreus.     

Proliferative and Differentiation Potential of Individual Clones Derived from Bone Marrow Stromal Precursor Cells

We present the results of a study on the proliferative and differentiation potential of individual clones of stromal fibroblasts growing in monolayer cultures of bone marrow cells. Each precursor cell yielding a large colony in primary culture is capable of up to 34 doublings in vitro. The transplantation of clones or monoclonal strains of stromal fibroblasts into the open system results in the formation of microenvironment consisting of the bone and reticular tissue and is suitable for the differentiation of all three lines of hemopoiesis. Evidence has been obtained that, in a closed system, individual clones are capable of differentiation into the bone, cartilaginous, and reticular tissues. In other words, the adult organism has a common cell precursor for these tissues.     

Development of Tolerance for Copper in Cyanobacteria Repeatedly Exposed to Its Toxic Effect

Experiments on cyanobacterial cultures showed that initial exposure to copper at concentrations of 0.01–0.05 mg/l not only has a direct toxic effect, but also significantly modifies the copper tolerance of cyanobacteria for repeated exposure. The response to repeated exposure and the mechanism of tolerance depend on the strength of the initial effect of copper and the extent of heterogeneity of the initial cyanobacterial population.     

Enzymatic synthesis of ATP from RNA and adenine

Summary The title compound was prepared by a three-stage enzymatic procedure consisting of (i) RNA hydrolysis to a mixture of ribonucleosides using intact mycelium of Spicaria violacea, (ii) transribosylation of exogenous adenine employing whole cells of Escherichia coli as a biocatalyst, and (iii) conversion of formed adenosine into ATP by the enzymes of alcohol fermentation and the kinases extracted from baker's yeast.     

An analysis of the displacement mechanism of predecessors by a pandemic strain

Biophysics - The relationship between pandemic morbidity and the shared participation of a pandemic variant in epidemic process has been studied based on the example of the first pandemic wave of...