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81.
Frequency and Pathophysiology of Acute Liver Failure in Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency (OTCD)
Alexander Laemmle Renata C. Gallagher Adrian Keogh Tamar Stricker Matthias Gautschi Jean-Marc Nuoffer Matthias R. Baumgartner Johannes H?berle 《PloS one》2016,11(4)
BackgroundAcute liver failure (ALF) has been reported in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) and other urea cycle disorders (UCD). The frequency of ALF in OTCD is not well-defined and the pathogenesis is not known.AimTo evaluate the prevalence of ALF in OTCD, we analyzed the Swiss patient cohort. Laboratory data from 37 individuals, 27 females and 10 males, diagnosed between 12/1991 and 03/2015, were reviewed for evidence of ALF. In parallel, we performed cell culture studies using human primary hepatocytes from a single patient treated with ammonium chloride in order to investigate the inhibitory potential of ammonia on hepatic protein synthesis.ResultsMore than 50% of Swiss patients with OTCD had liver involvement with ALF at least once in the course of disease. Elevated levels of ammonia often correlated with (laboratory) coagulopathy as reflected by increased values for international normalized ratio (INR) and low levels of hepatic coagulation factors which did not respond to vitamin K. In contrast, liver transaminases remained normal in several cases despite massive hyperammonemia and liver involvement as assessed by pathological INR values. In our in vitro studies, treatment of human primary hepatocytes with ammonium chloride for 48 hours resulted in a reduction of albumin synthesis and secretion by approximately 40%.ConclusionIn conclusion, ALF is a common complication of OTCD, which may not always lead to severe symptoms and may therefore be underdiagnosed. Cell culture experiments suggest an ammonia-induced inhibition of hepatic protein synthesis, thus providing a possible pathophysiological explanation for hyperammonemia-associated ALF. 相似文献
82.
Charles A. Gallagher 《Ethnic and racial studies》2016,39(3):342-346
ABSTRACTThe “general strike” of slaves in the Civil War was a direct action that involved millions of small and large acts of defiance by slaves. These actions pushed President Lincoln from hesitation to full on military action, although this chapter of history has been neglected. The work of W.E.B. Du Bois reinserted the agency of slaves in their own liberation through the “general strike” but this analysis has also been pushed to the margins. David Roediger's “Seizing Freedom: Slave Emancipation and Liberty for All' is an important corrective to this historical omission. 相似文献
83.
84.
Faris M. Zuraikat Elsa Thomas Devon Roeshot Dympna Gallagher Marie‐Pierre St‐Onge 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2019,27(11):1769-1771
Healthy sleep is associated with lower body weight and could improve and sustain weight loss following bariatric surgery. To support this premise, preliminary data on the relation between sleep duration and quality and long‐term weight change in a subsample of participants from the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery are presented. Results indicate a relation between sleep duration and BMI and percent weight loss 9 years after surgery. Additionally, sleep quality explained 25% of the variance in weight change between 6‐ and 9‐year follow‐up visits. These data from a small exploratory study, in combination with the known effects of sleep on energy balance, suggest that sleep may play an important role in both immediate and sustained weight loss following bariatric surgery. Herein, a model of the proposed bidirectional relation between sleep and weight loss is presented as well as a call for systematic investigations of the influence of sleep on long‐term weight management following bariatric surgery. 相似文献
85.
He Q Zhang X He S Gong L Sun Y Heshka S Deckelbaum RJ Gallagher D 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2007,15(4):1004-1011
Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the body fat distribution pattern in prepubertal Chinese children and to investigate the relationship between central fat distribution and specific biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Research Methods and Procedures: The study was conducted in an urban Mainland Chinese (Jinan, Shandong) sample of children using a cross‐sectional design. Pubertal status was determined by Tanner criteria. Measurements included weight, height, waist circumference, DXA measures of total body fat and trunk fat; fasting serum measures of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol; and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Multiple regression models were developed with the biomarkers of cardiovascular risk factor as the dependent variables, and adjustments were made for significant covariates, including sex, age, height, weight, waist circumference, total body fat, trunk fat, and interactions. Results: A total of 247 healthy prepubertal subjects were studied. After co‐varying for age, weight, height, and extremity fat (the sum of arm fat and leg fat), girls had greater trunk fat than boys (p < 0.0001, R2 for model = 0.95). Insulin and triglyceride were positively related to central fat measured by DXA‐trunk fat (p < 0.05) but not related to the waist circumference. In the blood pressure model, waist circumference was a significant predictor of both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, while DXA‐trunk fat was associated with diastolic blood pressure only. Significant interactions between sex and trunk fat, and sex and total fat, were found in relation to diastolic blood pressure. Discussion: In prepubertal Chinese children, greater trunk fat was significantly associated with higher insulin and triglyceride in boys and girls and was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure in boys only. 相似文献
86.
Potential feedback between coral presence and farmerfish collective behavior promotes coral recovery
Ambika Kamath Jonathan N. Pruitt Andrew J. Brooks Mark C. Ladd Dana T. Cook Jordan P. Gallagher Michael E. Vickers Sally J. Holbrook Russell J. Schmitt 《Oikos》2019,128(4):482-492
Stable between‐group differences in collective behavior have been documented in a variety of social taxa. Here we evaluate the effects of such variation, often termed collective or colony‐level personality, on coral recovery in a tropical marine farmerfish system. Groups of the farmerfish Stegastes nigricans cultivate and defend gardens of palatable algae on coral reefs in the Indo‐Pacific. These gardens can promote the recruitment, growth, and survival of corals by providing a refuge from coral predation. Here we experimentally evaluate whether the collective response of farmerfish colonies is correlated across intruder feeding guilds – herbivores, corallivores and egg‐eating predators. Further, we evaluate if overall colony responsiveness or situation‐specific responsiveness (i.e. towards herbivores, corallivores, or egg‐eaters in particular) best predicts the growth of outplanted corals. Finally, we experimentally manipulated communities within S. nigricans gardens, adding either macroalgae or large colonies of coral, to assess if farmerfish behavior changes in response to the communities they occupy. Between‐group differences in collective responsiveness were repeatable across intruder guilds. Despite this consistency, responsiveness towards corallivores (porcupinefish and ornate butterflyfish) was a better predictor of outplanted coral growth than responsiveness towards herbivores or egg‐eaters. Adding large corals to farmerfish gardens increased farmerfish attacks towards intruders, pointing to possible positive feedback loops between their aggression towards intruders and the presence of corals whose growth they facilitate. These data provide evidence that among‐group behavioral variation could strongly influence the ecological properties of whole communities. 相似文献
87.
Colin Clarke Clair Gallagher Ronan M. Kelly Michael Henry Paula Meleady Christopher C. Frye Matthew D. Osborne Ciaran P Brady Niall Barron Martin Clynes 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2019,116(6):1556-1562
In this study, we report an investigation of a panel of clonally-derived Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines exhibiting variability in the proportion of full-length IgG4 Fc-fusion protein produced. The recombinant protein was found to be degraded during cell culture into four shorter “clipped” species (three of the four cleavage sites occurred at arginine residues) and preliminary analyses suggested that a host cell enzyme was responsible for proteolysis. To identify the specific enzyme responsible, RNA sequencing was used to identify gene expression differences between the cell lines with a “high” and “low” clipping phenotype. From this analysis, six protease-encoding genes were found to be significantly upregulated in those cell lines yielding the lowest proportion of full-length IgG4 Fc-fusion protein. Four of these protease candidates were deprioritized after examination of their cleavage site specificity. The remaining enzymes, Adam19 and Furin, were found to be capable of cleavage at arginine residues, and inhibitors for both proteases were added to cell-free media to determine if the product degradation could be reduced. While the Adam19 inhibitor had no impact, Furin inhibitor I (specific for the proprotein convertase family of enzymes) was found to result in a 33–39% increase in complete IgG4 Fc-fusion protein when compared with untreated samples. 相似文献
88.
Austin J. Gallagher Michael J. Lawrence Sofia M. R. Jain-Schlaepfer Kathleen M. Gilmour Alexander D. M. Wilson Steven J. Cooke 《Journal of fish biology》2019,95(3):969-973
We compared baseline and maximal cortisol concentrations between predator exposure and prey blood samples in pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, captured using a standardised fishing event underneath osprey Pandion haliaetus nests and away from osprey nests. We did not detect differences in cortisol or glucose between sites. These findings suggest that predictable sources of predation risk may not confer stress-related costs in teleosts. 相似文献
89.