DNA from Buccal Swabs Suitable for High-Throughput SNP Multiplex Analysis

We sought a convenient and reliable method for collection of genetic material that is inexpensive and noninvasive and suitable for self-collection and mailing and a compatible, commercial DNA extraction protocol to meet quantitative and qualitative requirements for high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) multiplex analysis on an automated platform. Buccal swabs were collected from 34 individuals as part of a pilot study to test commercially available buccal swabs and DNA extraction kits. DNA was quantified on a spectrofluorometer with Picogreen dsDNA prior to testing the DNA integrity with predesigned SNP multiplex assays. Based on the pilot study results, the Catch-All swabs and Isohelix buccal DNA isolation kit were selected for our high-throughput application and extended to a further 1140 samples as part of a large cohort study. The average DNA yield in the pilot study (n=34) was 1.94 μg ± 0.54 with a 94% genotyping pass rate. For the high-throughput application (n=1140), the average DNA yield was 2.44 μg ± 1.74 with a ≥93% genotyping pass rate. The Catch-All buccal swabs are a convenient and cost-effective alternative to blood sampling. Combined with the Isohelix buccal DNA isolation kit, they provided DNA of sufficient quantity and quality for high-throughput SNP multiplex analysis.     

Toxic Effect of Inorganic Arsenite [As(III)] on Metabolic Activity of Bacillus subtilis by Combined Methods

In this study, microcalorimetry and measurement of culture turbidity were applied to evaluate the As(III) toxic effect on the metabolic growth of Bacillus subtilis. Using a multichannel thermal activity monitor, the power-time curves of the metabolic activity of B. subtilis during growth in the absence and presence of various concentrations of As(III) were obtained and studied. The turbidity changes during B. subtilis growth with As(III) were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and the data agree with the results obtained by microcalorimetry. As(III) of various concentrations has different effects on the metabolic growth of B. subtilis with biphasic dose-response relationships called hormesis [i.e., low-concentration stimulation (10 microg/mL) and high-concentration inhibition (20-160 microg/mL). Typical J-shapes of the relationship between the growth rate constant (k) and c, and toxicity at the half-inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 98.82 +/- 7.32 microg/mL were obtained. The similarity between the two methods corroborates the validity and sensitivity of the microcalorimetric technique to investigate the toxic effect of As(III) on microorganisms.     

叶刺瘿螨亚科三新种记述(蜱螨亚纲:瘿螨科)

记述了瘿螨科3新种,芒萁丽瘿螨Calacarus dicranopteris sp.nov.,黄肉楠上三脊瘿螨Calepitrimerus actinodaphnis sp.nov.和蒲葵上三脊瘿螨Calepitrimerus livistonae sp.nov.。均采自广西南宁市。     

二角型小麦雄性不育系育性恢复性的研究

以5个同质异核二角型小麦雄性不育系ms(bicor-8222,ms(bicor)-83(37)65,ms(bicor)-偃师9号,ms(bicor)-80(6)及ms(bicor)-90-110为基本材料,与一批优良小麦品种（系）及部分亲本材料为父本进行测交,获得211个组合,考察其F1育性,结果表明;（1）5个同质异核不育系,除二角型非1B/1R不育系ms(bicor)-90-110与二角型1B/1R不育系ms(bicor)-83(37)65,ms(bicor)-偃师9号之间平均恢复度差异显著外,4个1B/1R不育系之间平均结实率差异不显著;（2）对同一不育系而言,与不同恢复系测交,其恢复度呈现连续变异;（3）同型非1B/1R不育系较1B/1R不育系恢复度普遍高;（4）对同一恢复系而言,各不育系测交F1的恢复度差异显著。     

Ven、K型小麦雄性不育系春性F1杂种的优势表现及与叶绿素含量和同工酶谱的关系

利用Ven、K型小麦雄性不育系与北方春性普通小麦杂交,研究了Ven、K型春性F1杂种的优势表现及其与叶绿素含量、同工酶谱的关系。结果表明：Ven型和K型杂种F1存在显著的个体杂种优质,在主要农艺性状中尤其以单株穗数、千粒重、单株生产力的杂种优势明显,其中单株穗数对单株生产力的贡献最大;相关分析表明：单株生产力与单株穗数呈正相关,相关系数为0.7122;与每穗粒数和千粒重的相关系数分别为－0.1183和0.4941。灌浆期旗叶、倒二叶叶绿素含量与千粒重的相关性最大,呈正相关。杂种F1优势强的组合其种子和苗期的过氧化物同工酶和酯酶的酶谱一般呈双亲互补型或“杂种型”酶带,该特征可作为杂种优势预测的指标。     

小麦花药药壁表皮细胞结构与功能研究

单核花粉粒时期,药壁表皮细胞内具丰富的核糖体,粗面内质网,高尔基体,内嵴发达的线粒体,线粒体嵴具显著的细胞色素氧化酶性,细胞和核仁上具显著的ATP酶性,细胞处于旺盛的生命活动状态,这种旺盛的活性一直维持到花粉粒成熟;二细胞花粉粒时期,药壁表皮细胞中积累大量的来自于药卫细胞的球型颗粒,在药隔薄壁细胞内民看到了同样怕颗粒,且药壁表皮细胞内球型颗粒的数量变化与花粉粒对营养物质的需求呈负相关,初步认为,药壁表皮细胞内的球型颗粒是来自于药隔组织营养物质供大于求剩余物质的积累,药壁表皮细胞在花粉粒 育后期可能具有对来自花药药隔维管组织的营养物质贮存的功能,。     

数量性状主基因＋多基因混合遗传分析中鉴定多基因存在的IECM算法

为了进行２对主基因＋多基因混合遗传分析中的主基因存在的鉴定和多基因存在的鉴定以及多世代的联合遗传分析的分布参数估计,在ＥＣＭ算法和剖分成分分布方差为主基因变异组分、多基因变异组分和误差变异组分三部分基础上,提出了计算简便的迭代ＥＣＭ算法,简称ＩＥＣＭ算法,以利用 Ｐ_１、Ｆ_１、Ｐ_２和 Ｆ_（２：３）家系世代鉴定多基因存在为例阐明该算法．它的 ＣＭ步包含迭代ＣＭ_１、迭代ＣＭ_２和迭代ＣＭ_３步,在固定其它参数的情况下分别求分布平均数、多基因方差组分和误差方差的极大似然估计．通过１１３８－２ｘ邳县天鹅蛋杂交组合的Ｐ_１、Ｐ_２、Ｆ_１和Ｆ_（２：３）家系群体研究了大豆豆秆黑潜蝇的遗传规律．结果表明,它受 １对主基因的控制并有多基因的修饰．     

几类异质易恢复小麦雄性不育系杂种籽粒品质研究初报

利用具有粘果出羊草（Ae.kotschyi),易变山羊草（Ae.variabilis),偏凸山羊草（Ae.ventricosa)和二角山羊草（Ae.bicornis)异源细胞质小麦雄性不育系（以下简称粘,易,偏和二角型）组配成不同组合的杂种小麦,研究这4种不育系对杂种小麦籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,由它们所配制的杂种小麦在蛋白质含量,湿面筋含量,沉淀值等性状上均高于具有普通小麦细胞质的相同核型杂种小麦,尤其粘,易型某些组合在湿面筋含量,沉淀值两性状上差异达到显著水平。因此,利用这4种不育系很有希望培育出优势,高产的杂种小麦。     

主基因-多基因混合遗传分析中的EM算法

大量试验数据和QTL作图结果表明：控制数量性状的基因中既有遗传效应较大的主基因,又有遗传效应较小的多基因,其分离世代表现出多峰性,即出现多个分布混合的特征．本文研究利用混合分布理论鉴定和分析主基因-多基因混合遗传模型的具体方法,推导了鉴定主基因存在和多基因存在的EM算法．以大豆开花期性状为例说明了该方法的应用,在所分析的两个杂交组合的F_2世代数据中均发现有主基因的存在、骨绿豆×泰兴黑豆杂交组合中主基因几乎不存在显性,骨绿豆×上海红芒早杂交组合中主基因（晚开花）表现出完全显性,并且有多基因存在.