历山森林群落物种多样性与群落结构研究

采用多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数对山西历山森林群落物种多样性进行了研究.结果表明,各群落类型的物种多样性指数的顺序为：青榨槭＋五角枫林>青榨槭＋鹅耳枥林>辽东栎林>栓皮栎林>华山松＋红桦林>油松＋栎林>白桦林>侧柏＋栓皮栎林>红桦林>华山松林>侧柏林>油松林>红桦＋山杨林;森林群落灌木层多样性指数和丰富度指数大于草本层和乔木层,而均匀度指数在乔木层、灌木层和草本层则表现出多样化的趋势;海拔1 000～1 920 m之间,Shannon-Wiener指数、Hill多样性指数及物种丰富度与海拔梯度均呈正相关(P<0.05),海拔大于1 920 m则呈现负相关;这些指数沿海拔梯度的变化呈现出“中间高度膨胀”的规律,即中等海拔高度上物种多样性高而低海拔和高海拔物种多样性低.这主要是由于在中海拔（约1 900 m）地段水热条件组合较好,人类活动干扰较少所致.     

稻虱缨小蜂对褐飞虱和白背飞虱卵的识别机制

研究了室内条件下信息化合物及稻飞虱卵的形态特征在稻虱缨小蜂识别2种卵寄主褐飞虱和白背飞虱中的作用。结果表明,褐飞虱和白背飞虱雌成虫诱导的水稻挥发物对稻虱缨小蜂的引诱作用无显著差异,各自的引诱比例(头数)分别为57.50%(23头)和42.50%(17头)。稻虱缨小蜂对2种飞虱4组材料,完整卵、磨碎卵、带卵叶鞘和若虫为害叶鞘的行为反应,除了在褐飞虱完整卵上的搜索时间极显著地长于在白背飞虱完整卵上的以外,其余的均不存在差异。挥发物捕集结果表明,褐飞虱和白背飞虱雌成虫诱导的水稻挥发物组成相非常一致。上述结果表明水稻挥发物、稻飞虱利它素及飞虱卵的形态特征在稻虱缨小蜂识别褐飞虱和白背飞虱卵中的作用不明显。文中就稻虱缨小蜂识别2种寄主的机制进行了讨论。     

microRNA调控的生物网络

生物网络是生物体内各种分子通过相互作用来完成各种复杂的生物功能的一个体系。网络水平的研究,有助于我们从整体上理解生物体内各种复杂事件发生的内在机制。microRNA（miRNA）是一类在转录后水平调控基因表达的小RNA分子。研究结果表明,miRNA调控的靶基因分布范围很广,因此必然与目前所研究的生物网络有着各种各样的联系。对这种关系的揭示,将对阐明miRNA的调控规律起到重要的作用。本文重点讨论了miRNA调控的基因调控网络、蛋白质相互作用网络以及细胞信号传导网络的特征。此外,还总结了miRNA调控的网络模体（motif）和miRNA协同作用网络的特征。     

鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica Temminck Schlegel)繁殖生物学研究——Ⅰ.下海鳗鲡雌雄性状差异和鉴别

通过比较鳗鲡的眼径、眼间距、吻形等外部特征能比较可靠地鉴别雌雄两性。这些形态上的测量数据经“判别函数”的计算,确定了两性之间的差别。运用形态上的差异鉴别400—600毫米体长组的雌雄鳗,准确率可达到90%。座标图表明体长的分布自然地区分为雌雄鳗,体长在600毫米以上者全为雌鳗,体长400毫米以下者全为雄鳗。雌雄两性体长和体重关系为W=0.0000001285L3.015。体长400—600毫米的鳗鲡的体长和体重的直线回归系数(b)依性别而有所不同。雄鳗为0.887(W=0.887L-280.20);雌鳗为1.150(W=1.150L-376.73)。雄性肥满度为1.15±0.052,雌性为1.42±0.053,以上两对数值在两性间都存在显著差异。       

集胞藻类金属硫蛋白的纯化,性质和溶液构象的研究

集胞藻Synechocysitissp.PCC6803光照培养,加入100μmol/LZnCl2诱导藻内类金属硫蛋白（MT-like）的表达。离心收集鲜藻,超声波破碎细胞,离心除沉淀。上清液72℃加热3min去杂蛋白,离心,上清液依次经过分子筛层析柱,阴离子交换柱和脱盐柱,可得蓝藻类金属硫蛋白。5L培养液收集鲜藻7.6g,一次上样1．52g鲜藻的裂解物,冻干后得15mg纯化的蛋白样,为鲜藻重的0．1％．经分析其等电点为pH4．5,分子量为6．986kD,由58个氨基酸残基组成。其序列中含有较多疏水氨基酸残基（36％）,但其半胱氨酸含量仅为5％。CD（圆二色性）图谱表明其二级结构主要为无规卷曲,不含α－helix和β-sheet,无哺乳动物的金属硫蛋白所具有的典型双结构域结构。紫外吸收光谱表明Zn结合的类金属硫蛋白在220nm也有较高的吸收值。红外光谱分析的结果表明,此类金属硫蛋白的吸收光谱与高等动物的金属硫蛋白的吸收光谱类似。     

脱金属硫蛋白与镉离子的络合作用及构象研究

用圆二色（ＣＤ）谱地研究兔肝脱金属硫属蛋白的两个亚型与Ｃｄ＾２＋的络合作用及对重组ＭＴ构象的影响。观测了ａｐｏ－ＭＴ垢巯基在空气和室温下的稳定性。在ＰＨ４．７１,镉重组ＭＴ１的ＣＤ谱特征峰在２５７ｎｍ（＋）,２３８ｎｍ（－）,２２６ｎｍ（＋）与镉诱导的天然ＭＴ１相同。在空气存在和ＰＨ７．９０的ＣＤ谱只有２４３ｎｍ（＋）一个峰。向两亚型分别加入７ｅｑＣｄ＾２＋测定ＣＤ谱随ＰＨ值的变化,发现在ＰＨ２．     

金属硫蛋白导向血栓单抗化学偶联体的制备及性质研究

金属硫蛋白（ｍｅｔａｌｏｔｈｉｏｎｅｉｎ,简称ＭＴ）是一类低分子量、富含半胱氨酸的蛋白质,由于１个ＭＴ分子可结合７个金属离子,因此ＭＴ分子具有很强的金属结合特性［１,２］．本文一方面利用ＭＴ分子的高金属结合性能,另一方面利用苏州医学院血液研究所研制成...     

The hippocampus as a cognitive graph

A theory of cognitive mapping is developed that depends only on accepted properties of hippocampal function, namely, long-term potentiation, the place cell phenomenon, and the associative or recurrent connections made among CA3 pyramidal cells. It is proposed that the distance between the firing fields of connected pairs of CA3 place cells is encoded as synaptic resistance (reciprocal synaptic strength). The encoding occurs because pairs of cells with coincident or overlapping fields will tend to fire together in time, thereby causing a decrease in synaptic resistance via long-term potentiation; in contrast, cells with widely separated fields will tend never to fire together, causing no change or perhaps (via long-term depression) an increase in synaptic resistance. A network whose connection pattern mimics that of CA3 and whose connection weights are proportional to synaptic resistance can be formally treated as a weighted, directed graph. In such a graph, a "node" is assigned to each CA3 cell and two nodes are connected by a "directed edge" if and only if the two corresponding cells are connected by a synapse. Weighted, directed graphs can be searched for an optimal path between any pair of nodes with standard algorithms. Here, we are interested in finding the path along which the sum of the synaptic resistances from one cell to another is minimal. Since each cell is a place cell, such a path also corresponds to a path in two-dimensional space. Our basic finding is that minimizing the sum of the synaptic resistances along a path in neural space yields the shortest (optimal) path in unobstructed two-dimensional space, so long as the connectivity of the network is great enough. In addition to being able to find geodesics in unobstructed space, the same network enables solutions to the "detour" and "shortcut" problems, in which it is necessary to find an optimal path around a newly introduced barrier and to take a shorter path through a hole opened up in a preexisting barrier, respectively. We argue that the ability to solve such problems qualifies the proposed hippocampal object as a cognitive map. Graph theory thus provides a sort of existence proof demonstrating that the hippocampus contains the necessary information to function as a map, in the sense postulated by others (O'Keefe, J., and L. Nadel. 1978. The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map. Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK). It is also possible that the cognitive mapping functions of the hippocampus are carried out by parallel graph searching algorithms implemented as neural processes. This possibility has the great attraction that the hippocampus could then operate in much the same way to find paths in general problem space; it would only be necessary for pyramidal cells to exhibit a strong nonpositional firing correlate.     

伞形科部分类群气孔结构及其分类学价值

该研究对变豆菜亚科及芹亚科基础类群20属29种(变豆菜亚科9属11种,芹亚科基础类群11属18种)植物叶片(苞片或果实)的气孔结构进行显微观察分析,以明确变豆菜亚科及芹亚科基础类群的气孔特征及其与伞形科其他类群的区别。结果显示:(1)变豆菜亚科及芹亚科基础类群的气孔类型有无规则型、不等型和平列型3种,其中变豆菜亚科的变豆菜族气孔为无规则型(占总气孔比例的35%~75%)及不等型(25%~65%),仅刺芹属(Eryngium)具平列型,而Steganotaenieae族的气孔均为无规则型;芹亚科基础类群除柴胡属(Bupleurum)外多为或仅为无规则型(75%~100%),少为不等型(5%~25%)。(2)气孔结构支持分子系统学将Arctopus放入变豆菜亚科的变豆菜族,Choritaenia移入芹亚科。(3)变豆菜亚科气孔特征同芹亚科及牵环花亚科的较为相似,而同参棕亚科差别较大。     

Energy metabolism of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, strain Bd. 109 Sa, generates ATP mainly by oxidative phosphorylation during electron transport. During exponential growth the ATP pool is constant (9 nmoles/100 μg N) indicating that energy-producing and energy-consuming reactions are well balanced. The ratio of substrate respiration/endogenous respiration is approx. 2.5/1. Energy charge is constant both in endogenous and substrate respiration at values of 0.62 to 0.64. During endogenous respiration (starvation) the ATP pool oscillates at regular intervals. ATP over-production is started after the ATP pool has decreased to a minimum level of 6 nmoles/100 μg N. The alternating over- and under-production of ATP is interpreted as a special regulation which enables the organism to make economic use of its own cellular materials. Addition of substrate (glutamate) to starving cells does not influence the type of ATP pool oscillation as observed in endogenous respiration. The parasitic strain Bd. 109 Pa exhibits the same periodicity of ATP overproduction as does its saprophytic derivative, Bd. 109 Sa. Decrease of viability during starvation is paralleled by a decrease of the ATP pool.