Temperature and air humidity as factors influencing sleep and wakefulness

Summary In experiments on rats we studied the influence of temperature (21, 27 and 33° C) and air humidity (50, 70 and 90 %) on the duration of sleep and insomnia.The sleep of an animal, exposed to variously warm and humid air for 24 hours, is shortened the more, the higher the humidity and temperature of air. After insomnia lasting 24 hours and preceeded by an exposure to variously warm and humid air for one hour, sleep debt is increased at the rate at which air humidity and temperature of the exposure is raised. Similar changes of the animal's sleep depth occur also in such cases where the exposure of the animal is carried out during insomnia.     

Participation of some meteorological factors on the determination of emotional reactivity

Summary Rats were exposed to conditions of various temperature (21, 27 and 33°C) and air humidity (50%, 70% and 90%) and their emotional reactivity was estimated.Increased temperature and air humidity increases more or less expressively the emotional reactivity. It was further stated that interindividual differences of emotional behaviour are maintained in conditions of lower levels of variously warm and humid air.     

Reactions and resistance ofChenopodium species to tobacco mosaic virus

Chenopodium species react on infection with tobacco mosaic virus by the formation of chlorotic or necrotic lesions and later by the abscission of infected leaves. A transition of local infection into the stem has been observed exceptionally inChenopodium quinoa, C. hybridum, andC. rubrum, but no systemic infection of the leaves followed. Systemic infection was demonstrated only inC. polyspermum andC. murale. The recovery of new sprouts was demonstrated in C.murale in the late chronic phase of infection.     

The effect of reversion and duplication of leaf disks on the accuracy of photosynthesis determination by the dry weight method

Experiments with sunflower and fodder cabbage showed that reversion of the leaf disks lower side upwards (towards the radiation source) decreased the photosynthetic rate by as much as 26% both at full (2. 10⁵ erg. cm^?2. sec.^?1) and half density of irradiation. On placing two disks one on another the photosynthetic rate was decreased in the upper disk in a similar way as it was on reversion even if it were placed in the normal position (upper side upwards). But assimilation in the lower disk was only a fraction (0–40%) of that of the upper disk and in thick leaves was within the limits of the compensation point. The sum of the increase in dry weight in both disks due to photosynthesis exceeds the increment in one normally placed disk only in thin leaves and at high density of radiation. On the basis of the differences found it is advised to discard experimental samples where a quarter of the disks were reversed during exposure. On evaluating samples in which some of the disks were duplicated in error, it is most accurate to deduct the weight of one control disk from the weight obtained. The decrease in photosynthetic rate found in reversed and duplicated disks is evidently due to the simultaneous effect of differences in the supply of CO₂ and radiation energy to the assimilating tissue and apparatus and also to differences in the photosynthetic capacity of different leaf tissues.     

The toxic effect of the cultivation medium of plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus

P?i studiu klí?ních rostlin raj?at pěstovaných ve vodních kulturách bylo zji?těmo, ?e ko?eny rostlin infikovaných TMV vylu?ují do kultia?ního média látky, které p?sobí toxicky na neinfikované rostliny rostoucí spole?ně v tém?e médiu.